This paper presents a new representation of natural numbers and discusses its consequences for computability and computational complexity. The paper argues that the introduction of the first Peano axiom in the traditional definition of natural numbers is not essential. It claims that natural numbers remain usable in traditional ways without assuming the existence of at least one natural number....

We present a model and propose an approach to compute an approximate solution of Fully Fuzzy Linear System $(FFLS)$ of equations in which all the components of the coefficient matrix are either nonnegative or nonpositive. First, in discussing an $FFLS$ with a nonnegative coefficient matrix, we consider an equivalent $FFLS$ by using an appropriate permutation to simplify fuzzy multiplications. T...

In crisp production inventory problem, let q, a, b, d, R and r be the quantity produced per cycle, the holding cost, production cost, production quantity per day, the total demand quantity and the demand quantity per day, respectively. We consider three fuzzification methods. Firstly, we fuzzify q, a, b, d, R and r to triangular fuzzy numbers. Secondly, we fuzzify d and r to triangular fuzzy nu...

Multimodal transport refers to the transportation of goods under a single contract but performed with at least two different modes transport. This research designs new method for solving Transportation Problem (TP) by introducing multimodal systems fuzzy-stochastic environment, which we refer as Fuzzy-Stochastic (FSMMTP). An algorithm is developed reduce FSMMTP deterministic TP, mainly based on...

The purpose of this study is to introduce a new regression model, based on the least squares method, when the available data of both explanatory variable(s) and response variable are interval-valued fuzzy (IVF) numbers. The proposed method is based on a new metric on the space of IVF numbers, which is an extended version of the signed distance introduced by Yao and Wu (2000). In order to evalua...