Aperture extension (interferometry baseline extension) is achieved in this novel ESPRIT-based two-dimensional (2-D) arrival angle estimation scheme using a sparse (a.k.a., thin or thinned) uniform rectangular array of electromagnetic vector sensors spaced much farther apart than a half-wavelength. An electromagnetic vector sensor is composed of six spatially co-located, orthogonally oriented, d...

To address the bottleneck issues of an elastic-style six-axis force/torque sensor (six-axis force sensor), this work proposes a no-elastic piezoelectric six-axis force sensor. The operating principle of the piezoelectric six-axis force sensor is analyzed, and a structural model is constructed. The static-active design theory of the piezoelectric six-axis force sensor is established, including a...

The emergence of wireless sensor networks brought many open issues to network designers. Traditionally, the three main techniques for analyzing the performance of wired and wireless networks are analytical methods, computer simulation, and physical measurement. However, because of many constraints imposed on sensor networks, such as energy limitation, decentralized collaboration, fault toleranc...

Recent technological advances have led to the development of small wearable microelectronic sensors (accelerometers) that detect motion, gravitational acceleration, and velocity with six degrees of freedom (forward-backward, updown, and side-to-side plus rotational vectors). We have used these motion sensors to create new analytical tools called biokinetographs (BKGs). BKGs allow for more preci...

For Augmented Reality using a pair of transparent 3D glasses, a precise and fast method for head tracking is required, to determine the user’s position and direction of gaze in all six degrees of freedom. The methods currently available require expensive external sensors and have small working areas and/or other limitations. We propose a method that uses a panoramic camera that is mounted direc...

In this study, efficient methods for optimal sensor placement (OSP) based on a new geometrical viewpoint for damage detection in structures is presented. The purpose is to minimize the effects of noise on the damage detection process. In the geometrical viewpoint, a sensor location is equivalent to projecting the elliptical noise on to a face of response space which is corresponding to the sens...

Lipid multilayer gratings are recently invented nanomechanical sensor elements that are capable of transducing molecular binding to fluid lipid multilayers into optical signals in a label free manner due to shape changes in the lipid nanostructures. Here, we show that nanointaglio is suitable for the integration of chemically different lipid multilayer gratings into a sensor array capable of di...

This paper presents a general and efficient method that uses a configuration space for planning a collision-free path among known stationary obstacles for an arbitrarily moving object with six degrees of freedom. The basic approach taken in this method is to restrict the free space concerning path planning and to avoid executing unnecessary collision detections. The six-dimensional configuratio...

There are several techniques available for monitoring emulsions and foams. Early studies usually referred to global measurement of the volumes of the emulsion/foam and of the separated liquid versus time. However, it was soon understood that phase separation is not only a function of time but also of location. With regard to simplicity and fast response, electrical measurements offer a tempting...