BERGERON, M.F. Muscle cramps during exercise V is it fatigue or electrolyte deficit? Curr. Sports Med. Rep., Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. S50YS55, 2008. Skeletal muscle cramps during exercise are a common affliction, even in highly fit athletes. And as empirical evidence grows, it is becoming increasingly clear that there are two distinct and dissimilar general categories of exercise-associated muscle cr...

Single crystals of the title compound, Na(H2AsO4), were obtained by partial neutralization of arsenic acid with sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution. The crystal structure of Na(H2AsO4) is isotypic with the phosphate analogue and the asymmetric unit consists of two sodium cations and two tetra-hedral H2AsO4- anions. Each of the sodium cations is surrounded by six O atoms of five H2AsO4- groups,...

Cardiomyopathy is found in patients with Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies, which are linked muscle diseases caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Dystrophin defects are not limited to DMD but are also present in mild BMD. The hereditary cardiomyopathic hamster of the UM-X7.1 strain is a particular experimental model of heart failure (HF) leading to early death in muscu...

A new germanium(II) phosphate, sodium tetra-germanium tris-(phosphate), Na[Ge(4)(PO(4))(3)], has been synthesized by a solid-state reaction. The compound is isotypic with A[Sn(4)(PO(4))(3)] (A = Na, K, NH(4)). It features a [Ge(4)(PO(4))(3)](-) framework made up of GeO(3) pyramids and PO(4) tetra-hedra, which are linked by shared corners, yielding a three-dimensional structure. The crystal stud...

In a recent issue of Critical Care, 0.5 M sodium lactate infusion for 24 hours was reported to increase cardiac output in patients with acute heart failure. This effect was associated with a concomitant metabolic alkalosis and a negative water balance. Growing data strongly support the role of lactate as a preferential oxidizable substrate to supply energy metabolism leading to improved organ f...

conclusions diclofenac-loaded nanoparticles based on properties of chitosan gelation could delay the release of drugs in the stomach and be further evaluated for the enteric delivery of diclofenac. objectives the aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate diclofenac-loaded chitosan nanoparticles based on the ionotropic gelation method. materials and methods chitosan (cs) nanoparticles contai...

The title compound, sodium cadmium orthoarsenate, adopts the olivine [Mg2(SiO4)] structure type in space group Pnma, with Na (site symmetry -1) and Cd (.m.) replacing the two Mg positions, and the AsO4 tetra-hedron (.m.) the SiO4 tetra-hedron. The crystal structure is made up of a nearly hexa-gonal closed-packed arrangement of O atoms stacked along [001]. The Na and Cd atoms occupy one half of ...

The crystal structures of Na2SeO4·1.5H2O (sodium selenate sesquihydrate) and Na2SeO4·10H2O (sodium selenate deca-hydrate) are isotypic with those of Na2CrO4·1.5H2O and Na2 XSeO4·10H2O (X = S, Cr), respectively. The asymmetric unit of the sesquihydrate contains two Na(+) cations, one SeO4 tetra-hedron and one and a half water mol-ecules, the other half being generated by twofold rotation symmetr...

OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to elucidate the involvement of sodium overload and following damage to mitochondria during ischemia in the genesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury of perfused rat hearts. METHODS Isolated, perfused hearts were exposed to different durations (15-35 min) of ischemia followed by 60-min reperfusion. At the end of ischemia or reperfusion, myocardial sodium and cal...