there are several conflicting evidences showing the effect of morphine on learning and memory processes. in the present study the effect of chronic morphine administration on passive avoidance, active avoidance and spatial learning and memory of morphine dependent male rats using passive avoidance shuttle box and morris water maze tasks were investigated, respectively. male rats received morphi...

Introduction: Ascorbic acid (AA) is present in high concentrations with heterogeneous distribution in the mammalian brain. Previous studies have shown that release of various neurotransmitters such as glutamate, acetylcholine and dopamine might be involved in the central AA release. On the other hand all of these neurotransmitters and the region CA1 of the hippocampus are involved in learnin...

Introduction: Alzheimer disease is a progressive and irreversible neuropsychiatric disorder. Melissa Officinalis improves anxiety and clinical dementia symptoms caused by AD therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Mellisa extract on spatial memory deficit induced by STZ in MWM examination of male wistar rats. Methods: In the present study, 112 male wista...

alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. it is characterized by formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, degeneration of the cholinergic neurons and neural cell death. this study was aimed to investigate the effect of a triazine derivative, c16h12cl2n3s, on learning in an alzheimer's rat model. animals were divided into seven group...

Introduction: Ascorbic acid (AA) acts as an antioxidant in the Central nervous system (CNS) of the mammalians. It is released from the some nerve ending together with neurotransmitters. The results have shown that Ascorbic acid could affect learning as well as memory. In this study, we examined the effect of ICV injection of ascorbic acid on learning and memory by Morris water maze. Method: In...

objective(s) cyclooxygenases  (coxs) are known to play some roles in physiological mechanisms related to learning and memory. since sodium salicylate is an inhibitor of cox, we have evaluated the effect of peripheral and intra-hippocampal administration of sodium salicylate on spatial learning and memory in male rats. materials and methods male rats were studied in two groups; the first group r...

introduction: sexhormones are one of most important factors in difference of learning and memory between tow sexes (male & female). high concentration of estrogen and androgen receptors and mechanism of testosterone and estrogen production in learning and memory center, especially in hippocampus show the role of this receptors, sexhormons and p450 enzymes in spatial memory. consequently, in thi...

introduction: patients with epilepsy can have impaired cognitive abilities. many factors contribute to this impairment, including the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs like gabapentin (gbp). apart from anti-epilectic action, gabapentin is used to relieve ethanol withdrawal syndrome. because both gbp and ethanol act on gaba ergic system, the purpose of this study was to evaluate their effec...

Background and Aim: The frequent use of opioids changes function and plasticity of neural circuits. Exposing the immature nervous system to opioids can have deeper and more extensive impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of morphine consumption during lactation period on learning and memory of rats offspring. Material and Methods: This experimental study included 40 mal...