BACKGROUND The UK heroin market is the biggest in Europe and approximately 70% of heroin deaths are due to fatal poisoning. Methadone treatment for heroin addiction in the UK, the 'British system', is unique as it is largely provided by General Practitioners. METHODS The Office for National Statistics provided data on deaths, the Home Office provided law enforcement data on drug seizures and ...

The Gaussian rank correlation equals the usual correlation coefficient computed from the normal scores of the data. Although its influence function is unbounded, it still has attractive robustness properties. In particular, its breakdown point is above 12%. Moreover, the estimator is consistent and asymptotically efficient at the normal distribution. The correlation matrix obtained from pairwis...

The paper presents the correlation and correlation coefficient of single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) based on the extension of the correlation of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and demonstrates that the cosine similarity measure is a special case of the correlation coefficient in SVNS. Then a decision-making method is proposed by the use of the weighted correlation coefficient or the weighted c...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether degree of inflammatory activity in multiple sclerosis, expressed by frequency of gadolinium enhancement, has prognostic value for development of hypointense lesions on T1-weighted spin-echo magnetic resonance images, a putative marker of tissue destruction. DESIGN Cohort design with long-term follow-up. Thirty-eight patients with multiple sclerosis who in the pas...

We propose a new class of distinguishers for differential sidechannel analysis based on nonparametric statistics. As an example we use Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. We present a comparative study of several statistical methods applied to real power measurements from an AES prototype chip to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Our study shows that Spearman’s rank coe...

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of two commercial strip tests and laboratory titration to detect saliva buffer capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixty-four patients were examined. Stimulated saliva was collected and buffer capacity was determined with two different chair-side strip tests in addition to immediate transportation to the laboratory to check the buffer...