Structuralists famously observed that language is ”un systême oû tout se tient” (Meillet, 1903, p. 407), insisting that the system of relations of linguistic units was more important than their concrete content. This study attempts to derive content from relations, in particular phonetic (acoustic) content from the distribution of alternative pronunciations used in different geographical variet...

Epistemology has traditionally taken on the task of justifying this knowledge by attributing to science a specific rationality, most often located in its method of inquiry.! But when this project itself needed justification following a series of challenges to its proposed criteria,2 history, sociology and psychology of science were pledged to carry on the struggle. By displaying the historical,...

The view that the fundamental kind properties are intrinsic properties enjoys reflexive endorsement by most metaphysicians of science. But ontic structural realists deny that there are any fundamental intrinsic properties at all. Given that structuralists distrust intuition as a guide to truth, and given that we currently lack a fundamental physical theory that we could consult instead to order...

Literary theorists today tend to locate the source of the meaning of liter­ ature in its structure or context (the known) rather than in the author or reader (the knower). Maharishi Vedic Science, on the other hand, locates an absolute value of meaning in the integration of the knower, known, and process of knowing and provides a means of experiencing this value in tran­ scendental consciousnes...

This is a scholarly work that focuses on an important area in psychology and neuropsychology, which is of intrinsic interest, as I hope this review will to some degree make clear to a more general reader. I should perhaps declare my slightly peripheral research interest in it, which may explain deficiencies of insight that a reviewer working directly in this field would not have exhibited. I wa...

Traditionally, syntagmatic processes refer to the influence of “horizontal” elements on a word or phrase, in contradistinction to paradigmatic processes, which refer to “vertical” or alternative substitutions in a phrase. The term had significant currency in early and mid-twentieth century linguistics from Saussure on, and helped to define the formal study of syntax as widely practiced today. T...

One hundred and twenty years ago, the American philosopher and psychologist John Dewey (Fig. 1) published his seminal paper The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology in the Psychological Review (Dewey, 1896). In this paper, Dewey challenged the reflex arc, a by-then (and since then, as we will soon demonstrate) consensual unifying framework for action and perception. The framework, advanced by Europ...

Visual objects are viewed as a prime example of hierarchical structure; they can be dened as “multilevel hierarchical structure of parts and wholes” (Palmer 1977). For instance, a human body is composed of parts—head, legs, arms, etc., which in turn are composed of parts—eyes, nose, and so forth. €e perceptual relations between wholes and their component parts have been a controversial issue f...