There is an active debate within the field of phonology concerning the cognitive status of substantive phonetic factors such as ease of articulation and perceptual distinctiveness. A new framework is proposed in which substance functions as a bias, or prior, on phonological learning. Two experiments tested this framework with a method in which participants are provided highly impoverished evide...

Understanding object and its context are very important for robots when dealing with objects for completion of a mission. In this paper, an Affordance-based Ontology (ABO) is proposed for easy robot dealing with substantive and non-substantive objects. An ABO is a machine-understandable representation of objects and their relationships by what it’s related to and how it’s related. By using ABO,...

In this paper we approach both procedural and substantive irrationality of artificial agent cognitive systems and consider that when it is not possible for an agent to make a logical inference (too expensive cognitive effort or not enough knowledge) she might replace certain parts of the logical reasoning with mere associations.

Aumann has proved that common knowledge of substantive ratio-nality implies the backwards induction solution in games of perfect information. Stalnaker has proved that it does not. Roughly speaking , a player is substantively rational if, for all vertices v, if the player were to reach vertex v, then the player would be rational at vertex v". It is shown here that the key diierence between Auma...

SYNOPSIS Part I. Two approaches to utilitv theorly: happiness theory and preference theory.