The European rewardless, bee-pollinated orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina commonly produces yellow-flowered and purple-flowered individuals in frequencies that range from balanced (per population) to very unbalanced, with parts of the species’ range entirely monochromatic. We studied male and female reproductive success of the two morphs in 22 populations in the Czech Republic, relating it to morph...

Female reproductive success in females versus hermaphrodites has been well documented. However, documenting a potential advantage in male fertility of male versus hermaphrodite individuals in subdioecious species is also essential for understanding the evolutionary pathway toward dioecy from hermaphroditism via gynodioecy. Siring success in terms of fruit set, fruit mass, number of seeds and me...

Gametophytic selection was examined as a breeding tool in developing Phalaenopsis hybrids that are more cool or warm temperature tolerant. Two hybrid Phalaenopsis, P. (Taisoco Windian × Sogo Yukidian) by P. hybrid unknown, were reciprocally crosspollinated and exposed to 14°C/9°C for 7 days as a cold pollination treatment. Plants were pollinated again and exposed to 30°C/25°C for 3 days for the...

For rare plants, self-pollination and inbreeding can increase in small populations, while unusual levels of outcrossing can occur through restoration efforts. To study both inbreeding and outcrossing, we performed experimental pollinations using Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), a wild-harvested plant with a mixed mating system. For inbreeding, plants were either cross-pollinated within t...

sweet cherry (prunus avium l.) is considered as one of the most important temperate zone fruits worldwide. it is an economical fruit with high demand because of its early ripening fruits that enter the market early in the season. most sweet cherry cultivars are self-incompatible, not able to produce commercial fruit without being pollinated with a compatible pollinizer. in the present study, fl...

In raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) breeding programs, seed double dormancy causes delayed and low germination rates. this study, an in vitro protocol was developed to increase rate decrease time. This optimized on the cultivars “Polka” “Tulamagic”, specifically, their open-pollinated seeds, by applying two different cutting types (transverse, or longitudinal), followed treatments (direct culture at...

TABLE O F CONTENTS INTRODUCTIO . . . . ............................. 543 Results of pr 545 The inheritance of protein in maize.. . . . . 554 The problem. 554 Variation in the protein content of individual seeds 557 Comparison of the protein content of self-pollinated and of wind-pollinated ears. ..... 562 The immediate effect of pollination on the size and composition of the seed. .......... 56...