It is well-known that certain mixtures of surfactants can provide better performance than pure surfactants for a wide variety of applications,1,2 and thus it is expected that enhanced solubilization ofwater inwater-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions will also be achieved with certain surfactant mixtures. The formation of w/o microemulsions involves dissolving an aqueous phase into an oil phase, creati...

BACKGROUND Receptors that couple to G(i) and G(q) often interact synergistically in cells to elicit cytosolic Ca(2+) transients that are several-fold higher than the sum of those driven by each receptor alone. Such synergism is commonly assumed to be complex, requiring regulatory interaction between components, multiple pathways, or multiple states of the target protein. RESULTS We show that ...

To explain the sequence-dependent in vitro cytotoxic synergism between 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) and cisplatin in the K-562 human leukemia cell line, we have hypothesized that 4-HC decreases cellular glutathione (GSH) levels and that the resulting diminution of the cellular protective effect of GSH leads to the increased cytotoxicity of cisplatin. Exposure of K-562 cells to 4-HC resu...

Cellular functions and responses to stimuli are controlled by complex regulatory networks that comprise a large diversity of molecular components and their interactions. However, achieving an intuitive understanding of the dynamical properties and responses to stimuli of these networks is hampered by their large scale and complexity. To address this issue, analyses of regulatory networks often ...

The previous paper outlined a conceptual and mathematical framework for synergism analysis of kinetic models. Though the formalism presented there is adequate for studying simple models, the analysis of large-scale models bene®ts from the more e€ective formulation achieved in this work. The present formulation is based on simple tensor operations and takes advantage of the analogy between the f...

The combination of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg, a main constituent of tea catechins) with penicillin showed synergism against 21 clinical isolates of penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus. Besides binding directly to peptidoglycan, the inhibition of penicillinase activity by EGCg is responsible for the synergism. EGCg inhibited the penicillinase activity in a dose-dependent fashion, ...