With few exceptions all paradigm changing contributions in the social sciences fall victim to multiple interpretations. These often dilute and obscure what made the contribution intellectually innovative. This is notably the case for Keynes and especially The General Theory. I argue that the core of Keynes's "game changing" contribution was the analytical insight that market economies are deman...

Neglected and abandoned heritage sites are a complex research topic, which always requires thorough understanding of the site’s past current condition. This article examines how on history, architecture, participation can contribute to creating suitable re-use project for such sites, focusing single case study: Royal Citadel Messina, Italy. Within field city fortification’s underscores importan...

soil data can be very significantly informative in archeological and anthropological studies. bam citadel (bc), as the largest and oldest earthen (non baked brick) monument of the world has been restored for several times, but no data have yet been available surrounding the materials employed in the restoration work. bam citadel (bc) was almost totally destroyed by the severe earthquake of dece...

The authors analyze the main points of town planning history Samarkand in 17th century. On basis written data, archaeological sources and unpublished archival materials, a reconstruction plan central part century was carried out. stages study are analyzed. Based on observations earthworks territory former citadel Timur ancient Samarkand, it possible to identify some features topography administ...