Thermal buckling behavior of functionally graded Euler-Bernoulli beams in thermal conditions is investigated analytically. The beam with material and thermal properties dependent on the temperature and position is considered. Based on the transformed-section method, the functionally graded beam is considered as an equivalent homogeneous Euler-Bernoulli beam with an effective bending rigidity un...

This paper focuses on the design of compact thermal actuators capable of both lateral and vertical actuation. Several different approaches to vertical and lateral actuation were combined to design a device capable of both vertical and lateral deflection. This paper presents suggested test structures and experiments and expected results for such a device.

We describe a direct method for the detection of optically excited ultrashort stress pulses in thin films using a time-resolved pump and probe scheme. Changes in the surface profile are monitored by the angular deflection of a probe beam. Application to the detection of interfacial layers is also demonstrated. The time-resolved detection of high frequency phonons excited by picosecond or femtos...

We simulate electrothermally induced flow in polymeric, insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) systems with DC-offset, AC electric fields at finite thermal Péclet number, and we identify key regimes where electrothermal (ET) effects enhance particle deflection and trapping. We study a single, two-dimensional constriction in channel depth with parametric variations in electric field, channel g...

We describe an optical beam deflection technique for measurements of the thermal diffusivity of fluid mixtures and suspensions of nanoparticles with a precision of better than 1%. Our approach is tested using the thermal conductivity of ethanol-water mixtures; in nearly pure ethanol, the increase in thermal conductivity with water concentration is a factor of 2 larger than predicted by effectiv...

A diffraction theory of continuous-wave photothermal deflection (PD) spectroscopy with fundamental and harmonic responses is presented. The displacement of the probe beam centroid is found to be a rigorous measurement of PD effect, which leads to a set of analytical solutions to the fundamental and the second-order harmonics. Harmonics are caused by the diffraction of the probe beam in the mira...

Multi-scale model for response of the bi-material “thermostat,” consisting of a single unidirectional lamina of carbon/epoxy and an uncured layer of neat diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF) with curing agent, diethyltoluenediamine (DETDA), is developed in order to measure thermal strains during a prescribed, but arbitrary thermal history. Molecular modeling simulations provided the elastic ...

Original scientific paper This paper presents the electromagnetic analysis of a novel fluid damping based hybrid drive multi-degrees-of-freedom permanent magnet motor based on analytical and 3D finite element methods. The spatial magnetic field calculation model, torque analysis model, oil film model and electromagnetic-thermal coupling are presented and developed. Based on the simulation calcu...

The traveling thermal lens technique is a new all-optical method for probing concentration and velocity patterns in flowing media. A thermal lens created by absorption of a short laser pulse moves with the flow and can be probed by a cw laser beam further downstream as a deflection signal. This technique permits optical measurements of the flow-velocity component perpendicular to the probe lase...

The photothermal deflection technique, also known as "mirage effect", is a nondestructive method of evaluating thermal properties of solid, liquid or gaseous species. This technique will be used to detect pollutant absorption. As the deflection is stronger in liquids than gases, we will first consider the deflection in paraffin oil. We consider a medium that is heated by a modulated laser diode...