1. Introduction " ...each man possesses opinions about the future, which go by the general name of expectations... " (Plato, Laws 644c, 360 BC) Human behaviour is determined by expectations of future outcomes. While monetary policy discussions have focused almost exclusively on expectations about future inflation, the economic behaviour of households and businesses is driven by expectations abo...

P cross-cultural research on decisionmaking in economic games by Joseph Henrich and his colleagues (Henrich, Boyd, . . . McElreath 2004; Henrich, Boyd, . . . Henrich 2005) revealed both substantial variation across cultures and substantial deviation from the predictions of traditional economic models. Some of the most “selfish” behavior, as measured by offers in the ultimatum game, was observed...

This paper proposes three models of social capital and growth that incorporate different perspectives on the concept of social capital and the empirical evidence gathered to date. In these models, social capital impacts growth by assisting in the accumulation of human capital, by affecting financial development through its effects on collective trust and social norms, and by facilitating networ...

Using a simple monopoly model, we examine the effects of economic integration. We show that the number of markets and the shape of marginal revenue curves are crucial to evaluate economic integration when the marginal cost is not constant. The effects of tariff-reductions in a three-country model are in contrast with those in a two-country model. The effects also depend on what trade policy the...

BACKGROUND The study was carried out to compare the overall effectiveness and direct economic costs of vaginal hysterectomy (VH), endometrial ablation (EA) and thermo-coagulation (TC) for the treatment menorrhagia. METHODS We treated 50, 50 and 47 women with menorrhagia (>150 points on the Higham pictorial chart) by VH, EA and TC respectively. The patients were treated consecutively by the sa...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of three strategies for the control of taeniasis in a community, in terms of cost per case treated. METHODS A study was conducted in South India to determine the prevalence of taeniasis by screening stool samples from 653 randomly chosen subjects, for coproantigens. The costs incurred in the project were used to estimate the cost per case screened ...

population in all countries plays a fundamental role in economic growth and economic development. but besides absolute size and growth rate of population, the more important factor will be “age structure” or “age distribution” of population, because it can be as source of many economical, social, and political challenges. in this research, we investigate effect of changes in population shares i...