background: the most fundamental way to decrease the burden of noncommunicable diseases (ncds) is to identify and control their related risk factors. the goal of this study is to determine socioeconomic inequalities in risk factors for ncds using concentration index based on non-communicable disease surveillance survey (ncdss) data in kurdistan province, islamic republic of iran in 2005 and 200...

Heavy metal pollutionis one of the largest problems in the Environment and human being. In industrial and urban areas trees can give better quantifications for pollutant concentrations and atmospheric deposition than non-biological samples. In order to know ability of Fraxinus excelsior­ (Ash tree) to reduce the concentrations of heavy metals and compared with the concentration of thes...

Ultraviolet B sunlight exposure is a primary source of vitamin D. There have been reports of low vitamin D status amongst the Malaysian population despite it being a tropical country. This study was conducted to determine the influence of sun exposure on 25(OH)D concentrations in urban and rural women in Malaysia and factors predicting 25(OH)D concentrations. Women aged above 45 years were recr...

Regional and Sub-Regional Population Dynamic Population Process in Urban Areas European Population Conference 21-24 June, 2006 Urbanization is an index of transformation from traditional rural economies to modern industrial one. It is a long term process. This paper endeavors to illuminate on the process of urbanization in India over a century with emphasis on level, tempo of urbanization and u...

Understanding the relationship between land use and surface water quality is necessary for effective water management. We estimated the impacts of catchment-wide land use on water quality during the dry and rainy seasons in the Dongjiang River basin, using remote sensing, geographic information systems and multivariate statistical techniques. The results showed that the 83 sites can be divided ...

objectives the main aim of this study was to assess the road emergency sites (recs) in iran. materials and methods provincial data were used for this purpose. concentration index, concentration curve, lorenz curve, and the gini coefficient were calculated to assess the distribution of recs. results the results of this study showed that the distribution of recs was in favor of provinces with hig...

life style and life expectancy of inhabitants have been affected by the increase of particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter (pm10) in cities and this is why maximum pm10 concentrations have received extensive attention. an early notice system for pm10 concentrations necessitates an accurate forecasting of the pollutant. in the current study an artificial neural network was used t...