As one of variable valve timing (VVT) approaches, the electromechanical valve actuator (EMVA) uses solenoid to actuate valve movement independently for the application of internal combustion engine. This paper proposed an EMVA structure by incorporating the hybrid magneto-motive force (MMF) implementation in which the magnetic flux is combined by the coil excitation and permanent magnets. Makin...

This experimental work was concerned with comparison of inlet valve actuation strategies in a thermodynamic single cylinder spark ignition research engine equipped with a mechanical fully variable valvetrain on both the inlet and exhaust. The research involved study of the effects of the valvetrain on combustion, fuel economy and emissions when used to achieve variable valve timing alone and wh...

We report the case of a 62-year-old woman in whom carcinoid disease had been diagnosed 6 years earlier. She subsequently developed tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease. Both valves were incompetent and mildly stenotic. The tricuspid valve required surgery; the pulmonary vaive was explored but not treated. Valve surgery in patients with carcinoid disease is discussed in light of the prognosis o...

We report a new method of detection of the timing of the aortic and pulmonary valve closure that depends not on the registration of audible vibrations, but rather, on subtle but distinct movements of the chest wall, which are external manifestations of these events. We studied these phenomena in six open-chest dogs and in 69 human subjects. The dog studies show that the two distinct inward move...

We report a new method of detection of the timing of the aortic and pulmonary valve closure that depends not on the registration of audible vibrations, but rather, on subtle but distinct movements of the chest wall, which are external manifestations of these events. We studied these phenomena in six openchest dogs and in 69 human subjects. The dog studies show that the two distinct inward movem...

Variable valve timing (VVT) has evolved from simple, manual controlled engine management to automatic, electronic works of engineering. Starting from the need for more power and extending into fuel efficiency and low emissions, VVT has evolved from the constant changing of needs. This paper summarizes various devices used to control the timing of valves from the early 1920s up until 2007.

The management of valvular heart disease has markedly changed during the past decades. The timing of intervention—surgically and more recently also by catheter intervention—is no longer primarily driven by the goal of symptom relief for the patient. Treatment strategies aim now for an optimal long-term outcome with regard to both morbidity and mortality. The observation that patients may have a...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate to what extent timing definitions influence strain measurements and which surrogates are reliable and feasible to define end-diastole (ED) and end-systole (ES) during speckle-tracking (STI) analysis. BACKGROUND Current STI-based strain measurements are highly automated. It remains unclear when a particular analysis software defines the zero baseline ...