This paper describes an 18-GHz coupled VCO array for low jitter and low phase deviation clock distribution. To reduce the skew, jitter and power consumption associated with clock distribution, the clock is generated by a one-dimensional VCO array in which the oscillating nodes of adjacent VCOs are directly connected with wires. The effects of the wire length and number of unit VCOs in the array...

This paper presents a complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) differential voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) implemented with the push-push principle. The push-push VCO uses two frequency doublers stacked in series with an LC quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) to share the dc current with the QVCO for low power consumption. The proposed CMOS VCO has been implemented with th...

In this paper, a new VCO-assisted VCO-based sigmadelta (ΣΔ) modulator is proposed to improve the linearity of the VCO-based quantizer. The assistant network in the digital feedforward path reduces the input swing of the VCO-based quantizer in the main path, and then adds it together through the digital cancellation path to keep the same signal before and after quantization. Moreover, the merit ...

This paper present a single stage CMOS Voltage controlled oscillator with a high oscillation frequency and low power consumption. The VCO is a single stage circuit has a low phase noise due to reduced noise sources. The VCO is intended to operate as a frequency synthesizer in a PLL to generate local oscillator frequency (LO) for an acquisition system, providing in-phase/Q-phase outputs. The per...

BACKGROUND In patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and preserved exercise tolerance, the value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing for risk stratification is not known. Elevated slope of ventilatory response to exercise (VE/VCO(2)) predicts poor prognosis in advanced CHF. Derangement of cardiopulmonary reflexes may trigger exercise hyperpnea. We assessed the relationship between cardiopulm...

CMOS VCOs have been implemented for mm-wave applications [1-7], however, as the required channel bandwidth for these applications increases, widerange VCO tuning is becoming more challenging. Even without taking into account the process variability in nanometer CMOS, a single VCO hardly achieves requirements for a mm-wave band and phase-noise performance, and it suffers from the steep VCO loop ...

This study was conducted to evaluate the oxidative stability of virgin coconut oil (VCO) during oven test. VCO with and without antioxidants were subjected to oven test at 63°C over a 40 day-storage. The chemical parameters namely peroxide value (PV) and specific absorptivity of conjugated dienes (CDs) and conjugated trienes (CTs) were used to asses VCO stability. VCO samples treated with the m...

BACKGROUND The literature reports that the health benefits of vegetable oil can be deteriorated by repeated heating, which leads to lipid oxidation and the formation of free radicals. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is emerging as a functional food oil and its health benefits are attributed to its potent polyphenolic compounds. We investigated the beneficial effect of VCO supplementation on lipid prof...

In present work, improved designs for voltage controlled ring oscillators (VCO) using three transistors XNOR/XOR gates have been presented. Supply voltage has been varied from [1.8 1.2] V in proposed designs. In first method, the VCO design using three XNOR delay cells shows frequency variation of [1.900 0.964] GHz with [279.429 16.515] μW power consumption variation. VCO designed with five XNO...

Current starved VCO is simple ring oscillator consisting of cascaded inverters. Differential ring oscillator has a differential output to reject common-mode noise, power supply noise and so on. In this paper we have designed and simulated Current Starved VCO and Differential VCO for PLL in Tanner 13.0v 0.18μm digital CMOS process. Performance comparison is done in terms of high oscillation freq...