tDCS is a neuromodulation technique that involves noninvasive delivery of weak direct current (1–2 mA) to the brain. Conventionally, tDCS employs rectangular saline-soaked sponge pads (25–35 cm) placed on the scalp, with an internal electrode connected to the current source. Impedance measurement across the current source output may fail to recognize nonuniform conditions at the skin interface ...

A digital H∞ controller for a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind energy conversion system (WECS) is presented. Wind energy is an uncertain fluctuating resource which requires a tight control management. So, it is still an exigent task for the control design engineers. The conventional proportional-integral (PI) control is not ideal during high turbulence wind velocities, a...

in this paper an adaptive pid controller for wind energy conversion systems (wecs) has been developed. theadaptation technique applied to this controller is based on reinforcement learning (rl) theory. nonlinearcharacteristics of wind variations as plant input, wind turbine structure and generator operational behaviordemand for high quality adaptive controller to ensure both robust stability an...

This paper deals with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind energy conversion system (WECS) integrated with grid with two back to back connected converters with a common DC link. The aim of this research is to model control of direct driven 1.5 MW wind turbine permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG) which feeds alternating current (AC) power to the utility grid .The m...

Ocean wave energy is a promising renewable energy source that can be converted into useful electrical energy using wave energy converters (WECs). In order for WECs to become a commercially viable alternative to established methods of energy generation, operating the WEC in an optimal fashion is a key task. Thus, model predictive control (MPC) is an encouraging control method that exploits the e...

The developments in power electronics technology have led to the developments in the wind energy conversion system (WECS). The output voltage of the WECS depends on the speed of the wind, which is not constant. Hence, a power conversion unit is required to maintain the output voltage of the WECS constant. This paper presents the design of a boost converter and a voltage controller for maintaini...

The increasing demand of electric power necessitates the establishment of new generating stations. Wind energy conversion system (WECS) is more attractive due to its mature and clean aspects. During last decades the variable speed wind turbine concept has been increasingly receiving attention due to the fact that it is more controllable and efficient, and has good power quality. The wind turbin...

This study introduces new tuning technique for the PID control scheme and its application to regulate the voltage magnitude and the frequency of wind energy conversion system (WECS). The developed technique is stem from blending the ant system optimization method with Takagi Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system approach. The optimum relationship between the PID controller gains and the parameters of T-S f...

Wind is one of the most prominent renewable sources of energy. Wind energy conversion system (WECS) is based on a variable speed wind turbine with direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and transmits its electrical power to an AC grid using advanced power electronic converter system. This paper describes operation and control of variable speed WECS based on gearless PMSG to...

Wind energy, among all of the renewable energy sources, has made rapid developments and significant inroads in electrical power systems. With the increased use of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs), several technologies have been developed. Since WECSs are more cost competitive, the comparison of different wind generator systems is the need of the hour. Permanent magnet generators employing...