Abstract Whistleblowing is hazardous in a world of pervasive surveillance, yet many leading newspapers expect sources to contact them with methods that are either insecure or barely usable. In an attempt do better, we conducted two workshops British news organisations and surveyed whistleblowing options guidelines at major media outlets. We concluded the soft spot system for initial trust estab...

......................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Motivation............................................................................................................

For leaders to generate credibility through audience costs, there must be mechanisms in place that enable citizens to learn about foreign policy failures. However, scholars have paid relatively little attention to variations among democracies in the extent to which the public is able to obtain this sort of information. We argue here that electoral institutions play this role by influencing the ...

The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath have caused most higher educations to choose implement remote learning as a new method of instruction assessment. Nevertheless, has been criticized by having adverse impact on academic integrity. Whistle-blowing regarded an effective mechanism in limiting such unethical behavior. Thus, the main objective this study is identify influence attributes whistle...