Momordica Charantia (MC) is one of the most famous traditional plant worldwide, used for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. In the present study possible protective effect of MC in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic neuropathy in mice was evaluated. STZ induced diabetic mice were orally administered MC at various doses (200 800 mg/kg) for six weeks. Diabetes induced neuropathic...

BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and other proinflammatory cytokines are becoming well recognized as key mediators in the pathogenesis of many types of neuropathic pain. Thalidomide has profound immunomodulatory actions in addition to their originally intended pharmacological actions. There has been debate on the analgesic efficacy of opioids in neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to determine the effects of reactive oxygen species in the balance between the pro-oxidant and antioxidant levels in experimental peripheral constriction injury induced by silver wire looping of sciatic nerve of rats. METHODS Rats were divided into experimental group 1 (silver wire ligated) and group 2 (control, sham operated). Functional and ...

enhanced neuropathic pain following intraspinaly injection of schwann cells in contusion model of spinal cord injury     pourheydar b [1] *, joghataei mt [2] , najafzadeh n [3]     received: 6 nov , 2011 accepted: 20 jan , 2012     abstract   background & aims : spinal cord injury (sci) leads to sensorimotor deficits and neuropathic pain (np). cell therapy is a common method for treatment of sc...

The negative affective aspects of nicotine withdrawal have been hypothesized to contribute to tobacco dependence. In the present studies in rats, brain stimulation reward thresholds, conditioned place aversions, and somatic signs of withdrawal were used to investigate the role of central and peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine and opioid receptors in nicotine withdrawal. Rats prepared with s.c. ...

BACKGROUND The effect of spinal adrenergic and cholinergic receptors on the anti-nociceptive effect of intrathecal ginsenosides was determined in a rat postoperative pain model. METHODS Catheters were placed into the intrathecal space of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Postoperative pain was evoked by an incision to the plantar surface of a hind paw. Withdrawal thresholds was used as a nociceptive ...

The aim of the study was to assess changes in endurance performance in young runners (females and males) during two training seasons. It involved 19 male and 16 female athletes aged 15-17 specializing in track-and-field middle and long distances runs. The following parameters were measured three times during the training season: maximal oxygen uptake, running economy, and the level of the secon...

A tubeless siphon was created by sucking a 1% aqueous Polyox† solution laden with particles from a beaker into a cylinder by moving a piston. The piston speed and particle concentration were varied. At very high rates of withdrawal, all the liquid could be removed before the siphon broke. In this case, the beaker was completely cleaned without a trace of liquid. The addition of small concentrat...