The marked shift in writing instruction from a focus on writing as a set of separate, sequential tasks to a focus on writing as a holistic gestalt prompted the empirical study reported in this paper. We sought to determine whether any prerequisite relationships existed between five analytical components of ESL composition, namely content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanics. O...

Argument maps as schematic representations of arguments and their logical and evidential relationships are effective diagrams for instruction in education as well as in L2 development. However, their use for teaching L2 writing in EFL contexts has not been adequately studied. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of argument mapping instruction on Iranian EFL learners’ writing achieveme...

This paper describes the results of an experiment designed to assess the effects of self-monitoring and 3 different kinds of secondary task on the development of ideas during planning, and on the quality of subsequently produced text. An LSAbased measure was used to assess the development of ideas during planning and Coh-Metrix was used to assess effects on text. The results suggest that the sp...

The present study examined the components of end of kindergarten writing, using data from 242 kindergartners. Specifically of interest was the importance of spelling, letter writing fluency, reading, and word- and syntax-level oral language skills in writing. The results from structural equation modeling revealed that oral language, spelling, and letter writing fluency were positively and uniqu...

Builders of groupware writing technologies need a better understanding of collaborative writing if their systems are to adequately address user needs. This paper presents a taxonomy of joint writing based on an analysis of interviews with authors who have written documents together. The taxonomy describes joint writing in terms of four components: roles played in the collaboration, activities p...

The medical writings of early medieval western Europe c. 700 – c. 1000 have often been derided for their disorganised appearance, poor Latin, nebulous conceptual framework, admixtures of magic and folklore, and general lack of those positive features that historians attribute to ancient or later medieval medicine. This paper attempts to rescue the period from its negative image. It examines a n...

This paper presents an approach for extracting and segmenting tables from Chinese ink documents based on a matrix model. An ink document is first modeled as a matrix containing ink rows, including writing and drawing ones. Each row consists of collinear ink lines containing ink characters. Together with their associated drawing rows, adjacent writing rows having an identical distribution of wri...

Objective: Yield components and genetic contribution have the most important in final yield and breeding programs of crop plants. For this purpose, 20 varieties of grapevines with Russia origin were evaluated in Urmia and Takestan research station (under full irrigation and drought stress). Methods: Twenty grapevine genotypes were evaluated in Urmia and Takestan research station (under full irr...