parkinson's disease (pd) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition which has the second largest incidence rate among all other neurodegenerative disorders barring alzheimer's disease (ad). currently there is no cure and researchers continue to probe the therapeutic prospect in cell cultures and animal models of pd. out of several factors contributing to pd prognosis, the role of p38 mapks (mitog...

Bradykinin stimulates proliferation of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We investigated the action of bradykinin on the phosphorylation state of the mitogen-activated protein kinases p42(mapk) and p44(mapk) in VSMCs and tested the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) might be involved in the signal transduction pathway linking bradykinin activation of nuclear transcription ...

The regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK kinase (MEK) was studied in freshly isolated adult rat heart preparations. In contrast to the situation in ventricular myocytes cultured from neonatal rat hearts, stimulation of MAPK activity by 1 mumol/L phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was not consistently detectable in crude extracts. After fast protein liquid chromatogr...

To understand the mechanisms by which ethanol inhibits hepatocyte proliferation, we studied the effects of ethanol on p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in normal and regenerating rat liver. Treatment of rat hepatocytes with 100 mM ethanol in vitro for 16 h prolonged the activation of p42/44 MAPK and ...

Background and aims: Vitiligo, a pigmentation-associated disease, affects 1–2% of the global population andis difficult to treat. The pathogenetic mechanism vitiligo remains unclear. Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. extract for treatment was initially recorded 300 years ago. Itschalcone compounds are believed play essential roles in this treatment. In previous study, chalcones were shown enha...

In response to extracellular stimuli, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, also known as ERK) translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK, also know as MEK), which possesses a nuclear export signal (NES), acts as a cytoplasmic anchor of MAPK. Here we show evidence that tyrosine (Tyr190 in Xenopus MPK1/ERK2) phosphorylation of MAPK by MAPKK is necessary and suffic...

BACKGROUND The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is activated by various pro-inflammatory and stressful stimuli. Mounting evidence suggests that the p38 MAPK signaling cascade is involved in various biological responses other than inflammation such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and invasion, suggesting that the p38 MAPK can serve as a potential therapeutic target f...

Sho1 is a membrane protein in yeast that activates the Hog MAPK signaling pathway in response to high osmolarity. An accumulating body of work has focused on Sho1 as a model to better understand the mechanisms that dictate signaling specificity.