In this paper the long-run trend in CPI inflation (core inflation) for the US over the 1960– 2000 period is estimated using a common trends model. In this framework, core inflation is interpreted and constructed as the long-run forecast of inflation conditional on the information contained in nominal money growth, output fluctuations and movements in the oil price. Unlike other commonly used me...

In models with complete markets, targeting core inflation enables monetary policy to maximize welfare by replicating the flexible price equilibrium. We develop a two-sector new-Keynesian model to evaluate different inflation targeting rules in economies with financial frictions. We conclude that, in the presence of financial frictions, a welfaremaximizing central bank should adopt flexible head...

A general equilibrium model of a small open economy is developed to analyze the optimal rate of inflation under discretion. Once agents’ welfare is the sole policy objective it is possible to show that openness and inflation no longer have a simple inverse relationship. A greater degree of openness may lead the policy maker to want to exploit the short-run Phillips curve more aggressively, even...

Recent empirical work suggests that small price changes are relatively common. These findings have been used to evaluate competing theories of nominal price rigidities. In this paper we use micro data from the consumer price index and a scanner data set from a national supermarket chain to reassess the importance of small price changes. We argue that the vast majority of these changes are due t...

We explore the connection between shock observability and equilibrium. When aggregate shocks are unobserved the rational expectations solutions remain unchanged if contemporaneous aggregate outcomes are observable, but their stability under adaptive learning must be reconsidered. We obtain learning stability conditions and show that, provided there is not large positive expectational feedback, ...

When the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates binds, monetary policy cannot provide appropriate stimulus. We show that in the standard New Keynesian model, tax policy can deliver such stimulus at no cost and in a time-consistent manner. There is no need to use ine¢ cient policies such as wasteful public spending or future commitments to in‡ate. We conclude that in the New Keynesian model,...

This paper evaluates the literature on international unconventional monetary policies (UMPs). Introducing market segmentation, limits-to-arbitrage, and time-consistent policy in standard models permits a theoretical role for UMP. Empirical studies provide compelling evidence that UMPs influenced asset prices tail risk desired manner. Calibrated modeling vector autoregressive (VAR) exercises imp...

مکان‌یابی با درنظرگرفتن موضوع رقابت در بازار، یک تصمیم راهبردی و بلندمدت محسوب می­‌شود. چنانچه انتخاب مکان، بررسی‌­های لازم صورت نگیرد، حیات سازمان تحت تأثیر قرار می‌­گیرد. به‌­دلیل وجود پیچیدگی‌­های موجود مسائل مکان‌یابی، ارائه مدل‌های محدودیت­‌های متنوعی مواجه است. هدف این پژوهش، توسعه مدل رقابتی درنظر­گرفتن دو محصول از سوی سه رقیب است؛ برای منظور، مسئله به‌­صورت بازی مکان ـ قیمت تعریف استفاد...