The conjugated equine estrogens-only arm of the Women's Health Initiative trial, showing a trend toward protection from heart disease as opposed to women receiving also medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), strengthens the debate on the cardiovascular effects of progestins. We compared the effects of progesterone (P) or MPA on the synthesis of nitric oxide and on the expression of leukocyte adhesi...

Clinical research suggests hormonal contraceptive use is associated with increased frequencies of HSV reactivation and shedding. We examined the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), the compound most commonly used for injectable hormonal contraception, on HSV type 1 (HSV-1) reactivation and CD8(+) T cell function in murine trigeminal ganglia (TG). In ex vivo TG cultures, MPA dramatical...

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is one of the most frequently prescribed progestins for conception, hormone replacement therapy, and adjuvant endocrine therapy. MPA has a low oral bioavailability because of extensive metabolism; however, its metabolism was poorly documented. This study was intended to profile the phase I metabolites of MPA and the cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms involved. Aft...

BACKGROUND In pregnancy, the decidualised endometrium expresses high levels of prorenin and other genes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathway. In this study we aimed to determined if the RAS was present in endometrial stromal cells and if decidualisation upregulated the expression of prorenin, the prorenin receptor ((P)RR) and associated RAS pathways. Immortalised human endometrial stro...

Both natural oestrogens and progesterone influence synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis within the female hippocampus. However, less is known of the impact of synthetic hormones on hippocampal structure and function. There is some evidence that the administration of the synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is not as beneficial as natural progesterone and can attenuate oestroge...

BACKGROUND Overuse tendon injuries are frequent. Corticosteroid injections are commonly used as treatment, although their direct effects on the material properties of the tendon are poorly understood. PURPOSE To examine the influence of corticosteroids on the tensile strength of isolated collagen fascicles. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Single strands (300-500 mum) of ...

Methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) is commonly administered to performance horses, and therefore, establishing appropriate withdrawal times prior to performance is critical. The objectives of this study were to describe the plasma pharmacokinetics of MPA and time-related urine and synovial fluid concentrations following intra-articular administration to sixteen racing fit adult Thoroughbred horse...

In this technical report we define an operational net semantics for the stochastic process algebra MPA based on generalized stochastic Petri nets. As a consequence of the definition of such a semantics, we present an interesting modeling technique for concurrent systems which is based on MPA. 1. Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy.

We investigated the effects of high-pressure treatment on charge carrier transport in PbS colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solids. We applied high pressure to PbS CQD solids using nitrogen gas to reduce the inter-dot distance. Using this simple process, we obtained conductive PbS CQD solids. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was used to study charge carrier transport as a function of pressure. We f...

BACKGROUND Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the active immunosuppressive substance in both mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolate sodium, and it is widely used after organ transplantation. In women, taking MPA is teratogenic and may also influence spermatogenesis. There is a lack of knowledge regarding outcome of pregnancies fathered by men exposed to MPA. METHODS We compared outcomes in pregnanci...