Information opacity leads to information asymmetry. In this situation, in providing their own financial needs, firms face limitations and inevitably provide their financial needs from the debt market by signalling private information to it. In addition, information opacity affects the leverage adjustment speed. This research investigates the effect of information opacity on deviation from targe...

In this paper, a log type calibration estimator for estimating the population mean in stratified random sampling has been proposed utilizing available auxiliary information. This also extended case of double when information is not known. The simulation study carried out using R software on real as well artificial datasets. empirical bootstrap estimates percentage relative root squared error (%...

Contrasting effects of temperature and winter mixing on the seasonal and inter-annual variability of the carbonate system in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean C. Dumousseaud, E. P. Achterberg, T. Tyrrell, A. Charalampopoulou, U. Schuster, M. Hartman, and D. J. Hydes National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK School of Environmental Science, Unive...

Recently, it was reported that the relationship of the Indian southwest monsoon rainfall with El Niño– Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has weakened since around 1980. Here, it is reported that in contrast, the relationship between ENSO and the northeast monsoon (NEM) in south peninsular India and Sri Lanka from October to December has not weakened. The mean circulation associated with ENSO over thi...