The function of a space in a building greatly depends on the position of that space in its general configuration system and its desirable performance occurs when the space in relation to other parts of the building can meet the expectations of its users. This topic is known in the literature for functional efficiency. For this purpose, the present study by selecting 18 homes of the Qajar period...

Clothing displays customs and habits of a society and can communicate with humans through its features. The type of women’s cover reflects how they are engaged in cultural and social activities. The occurrence of all-out developments in Europe during the Qajar period and Nasser-Din Shah’s trips to Europe and Iran’s relationship with the West initiated the challenges for Qajar women’s clothing. ...

The history of new and scientific archaeological researches in Iran mainly dates back to the Qajar period. Although the history of European Oriental studies in Iran has exceeded the Qajar era, however, until the aforementioned period, scientific archeology in Iran did not have much meaning and European officials and Orientalists studies in Iran mainly focused on the identification of Iranian an...

Given the changes that have taken place in recent centuries, many changes have occurred in the facade and its elements, and has caused turbulence in the visual appearance of buildings. However, throughout the history of the late Qajar and early period of the first Pahlavi era, architectural styles have been the continuation and complement of previous styles. In the history of Iranian architectu...

This study examines the concept and educational approaches and the relationshipbetween the mode and the hierarchy of education in each of the Safavid and Qajar periodsand the physical structure and structure of the schools, the role of each of these factors,including the styles, disciplines and conditions governing the educational system in theschool physical changes of different periods. In fa...

During the Qajar era in the Kermanshah city, as an important city and the center of the government eldest son of Naseroddin shah, Mohammad Ali Mirza has made spectacular monuments including mosques with beautiful and special decorative features. In this study, an attempt was made, focusing on two mosques Dolatshah and Haj Shhbazkhan, the most important religious monuments of this period in Kerm...

Beauty has always been considered as one of the most important dimensions of art and architecture throughout history, and real decoration has also been used as one of the methods of creating beauty in Iranian architecture. Despite the possibility of reaching human written opinions about beauty and decoration, opinions about the philosophy and criterion of the origin of beauty are expressed diff...