Central CO(2) chemoreception and the role of carbonic anhydrase were assessed in brain stems from Rana catesbeiana tadpoles and frogs. Buccal and lung rhythms were recorded from cranial nerve VII and spinal nerve II during normocapnia and hypercapnia before and after treatment with 25 microM acetazolamide. The lung response to acetazolamide mimicked the hypercapnic response in early-stage and m...

BACKGROUND Acute mountain sickness (AMS) commonly occurs when unacclimatized individuals ascend to altitudes above 2000 m. Acetazolamide and Ginkgo biloba have both been recommended for AMS prophylaxis; however, there is conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba use. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of acetazolamide vs Ginkgo biloba for AMS prophylaxis. M...

The renal tubular secretion of thiazides and loop diuretics via the organic anion transport system in renal tubules is required for them to reach their principal sites of action. Similarly, acetazolamide, a diuretic clinically administered for glaucoma, is excreted from the kidney by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. In this study, we investigated the interaction and transport of the...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Arterial spin-labeling MR imaging permits safe, repeated CBF measurement. We investigated the potential and technical factors of arterial spin-labeling imaging in assessing cerebrovascular reactivity to acetazolamide. MATERIALS AND METHODS The regional CBF was measured in 8 healthy volunteers by use of a 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling sequence. Arterial spin...

When hypoxia increases during ascending in the mountains, ventilatory control and the related oxygenation may be challenged. The pre-treatment by intermittent hypoxia will elevate ventilation and offset hypoxemia and acetazolamide may inhibit peripheral chemosensitivity and act through central mechanisms. To study these effects in the field, one well-trained male mountaineer performed four asce...

AIMS Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease. One of the major factors involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated kidney disease is glomerular hyperfiltration. Increasing salt-delivery to the macula densa is expected to decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by activating tubuloglomerular feedback. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibito...

BACKGROUND The use of laparoscopic surgeries is escalating thanks to their advantages over the open surgeries. However, several complications can be observed following laparoscopy operation. Postoperative pain is a major concern in cholecystectomy surgeries. Pain can be both experienced in operated areas and radiated to the right shoulder. Acetazolamide is used for glaucoma, acute mountain sick...

Acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction can be inhibited by high doses of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide. This study aimed to determine whether acetazolamide is effective at dosing relevant to human use at high altitude and to investigate whether its efficacy against hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is dependent on carbonic anhydrase inhibition by testing other potent heteroc...

We describe a case of acetazolamide induced acidosis associated with the precipitation of a hyperosmolar state in a diabetic patient 6 weeks after routine phacoemulsification. While renal tubular acidosis is well reported with acetazolamide, this case suggests that a direct diuresis induced acidosis can also have significant effects, producing serious complications when acetazolamide is prescri...

The function of carbonic anhydrase in H(+) secretion by the turtle bladder was studied in vitro. Dose response curves were obtained for the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, acetazolamide and ethoxzolamide, with and without addition of CO(2) to the system. In addition, carbonic anhydrase was assayed in homogenates of mucosal cells. The activity in the homogenates was 155+/-16 U/g dry wt, of which ...