The aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor, 8-hydroxydaidzein, was isolated and identified from a methanolic extract of okara (soybean pulp) fermented with the fungal strain, Aspergillus sp. HK-388. 8-Hydroxydaidzein showed non-competitive inhibition of human recombinant AR with respect to DL-glyceraldehyde, its Ki value being evaluated as 7.0 microM.

1. NADPH-linked aldehyde reductase from pig, ox and rat brain exhibits non-linear reciprocal plots when partially purified enzyme preparations are studied. 2. In pig brain this non-linearity is due to the presence of two distinct aldehyde reductases, which can be separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. 3. These two enzymes can be distinguished by several criteria, including pH optima, Micha...

The presence of a nonspecific NADPH-linked aldehyde reductase (alcohol: NADP oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.2) was observed in various areas of bovine brain in vitro. In the midbrain, hypothalamus, and pons, the rate of NADPH oxidation, with p-nitrobenzaldehyde as substrate, was approximately 4.0 nmoles per min per mg of protein; but somewhat lower values were obtained when other regions of the brain...

At some point during biosynthesis of the antimalarial artemisinin in glandular trichomes of Artemisia annua, the Delta11(13) double bond originating in amorpha-4,11-diene is reduced. This is thought to occur in artemisinic aldehyde, but other intermediates have been suggested. In an effort to understand double bond reduction in artemisinin biosynthesis, extracts of A. annua flower buds were inv...

The non-heme high-spin ferric iron hydroperoxo species formed in superoxide reductase catalyzes oxidative aldehyde deformylation through its nucleophilic character. This species also acts as an electrophile to catalyze oxygen atom transfer in sulfoxidation reactions, highlighting the oxidation potential of non-heme iron hydroperoxo species.

Phospholipid oxidation generates several bioactive aldehydes that remain esterified to the glycerol backbone ('core' aldehydes). These aldehydes induce endothelial cells to produce monocyte chemotactic factors and enhance monocyte-endothelium adhesion. They also serve as ligands of scavenger receptors for the uptake of oxidized lipoproteins or apoptotic cells. The biochemical pathways involved ...

Exposure of a dark-adapted retina to light results in the liberation of vitamin A aldehyde (retinene) from the visual pigment, rhodopsin, and in subsequent enzymatic reduction of the liberated aldehyde to vitamin A (1). The enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase (retinene reductase), is present in visual cell outer segments and can use reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPNH) for the reduction of vit...