materials and methods total protein was determined by lowery method. bovine lens alr2 was partially purified by gel filtration chromatography on sephadextm g25. bovine cortex kidney alr1 was partially purified by diethylaminoethyl (deae) precipitation. the hydroalcoholic extract was obtained from frozen propolis. the enzyme activity and sorbitol accumulation in erythrocytes were determined spec...

3-Deoxyglucosone reductase activity in the extracts of rat, pig and human livers was potently inhibited by aldehyde reductase inhibitors. The major species of 3-deoxyglucosone reductase purified from human and pig livers were biochemically and immunochemically identical with aldehyde reductase. The two enzymes and rat liver aldehyde reductase exhibited higher catalytic efficiency for 3-deoxyglu...

A monomeric (Mr = 43,000) NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase with a broad substrate specificity for aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and aldo sugars has been purified from the skeletal muscle of female and castrated pigs. The properties of this enzyme are consistent with those of aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21), and the enzyme is immunologically identical with aldose reductase from pig lens. However...

conclusions these results demonstrated that cse, mainly through inhibition of alr2, could prevent or delay the diabetic complications, like cataract formation, as a result of sorbitol accumulation. results the cse inhibited alr2 activity, with an ic50 of 0.54 mg/ml and it was seven and a half times greater than that of alr1 inhibition, indicating the specificity of cse for alr2, rather than alr...

PURPOSE To identify the structural features responsible for the differences in coenzyme and inhibitor specificities of aldose and aldehyde reductases. METHODS The crystal structure of porcine aldehyde reductase in complex with NADPH and the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil was determined. The contribution of each amino acid lining the coenzyme-binding site to the binding of NADPH was calcu...

A barbiturate-sensitive aldehyde reductase was purified to homogeneity from rat liver and shown to metabolize the cancer-chemotherapeutic antibiotic daunorubicin. The aldehyde reductase may have important roles in the metabolism of exogeneous drugs as well as the aldehyde derivatives of the biogenic amines.

The three-dimensional structures of aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase, members of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, are composed of similar alpha/beta TIM-barrels. However, examination of the structures reveals that the inhibitor-binding site of aldose reductase differs from that of aldehyde reductase due to the participation of non-conserved residues in its formation. This information...

The aldo-keto reductase superfamily catalyzes the reduction of a broad range of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols. Here we report the cloning of the mouse aldehyde reductase cDNA and its embryonic pattern of expression. From stages E7.5 to E13.5 the gene encoding for this enzyme is expressed at high levels in several tissues, including the neural ectoderm, gut endoderm, somi...

PURPOSE Increased flux of glucose via the polyol pathway, oxidative stress and ischaemia lead to the upregulation of the aldose reductase (AR), the key enzyme of the polyol pathway. This adversely affects the organism and can in part be reduced by inhibition of the enzyme. METHODS In this study, we examined the effect of the HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitor atorvastatin on the expression of aldose...

The nicotinamide N-oxide reductase activity of a variety of ocular tissues was investigated. The 9,000g supernatant of ciliary body, retinal pigment epithelium-choroid, iris, retina and cornea, but not lens, exhibited reductase activity under anaerobic conditions when supplemented with 2-hydroxypyrimidine, an electron donor of aldehyde oxidase. Among these tissues, the highest activity was obse...