We evaluate the dynamics of a small and open economy under simple rules for alternative monetary-policy instruments, in model with imperfectly anchored expectations. The inflation-targeting consensus indicates that interest-rate are preferred, instead using either monetary aggregate or exchange rate as main instrument; arguments usually presented rational expectations full credibility. In contr...

Millions of citizens and firms lack access to high speed internet, even though governments pledged spend huge sums money subsidize internet networks. In this paper we review some systematic flaws present subsidy policies outline a promising alternative. We propose that governments should treat the broadband infrastructure as public responsibility set up intelligently designed public-private...

While electricity markets were in a vertically integrated structure many countries, it became one of the sectors where neo-liberalization was reflected after 1980. Privatizations aimed to transform market into competitive structure. In this study, stages breaking monopoly Turkish and gradual reduction public's share discussed. The process is described based on official data statistics recent si...

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â  monetary policy rule is an approach to avoid time inconsistency problem as regarded by new classical economist to choose a time plan for policy making in order to maximize households’ well-being. the foundation of time inconsistency problem is not coincidence of expectations as an ex-ante variable, which is expected variable, with actual variable as an ex-post variable. expectations in fin...

BACKGROUND The regulation of the markets for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) products presents a global challenge. There is a dearth of studies that have examined or evaluated the regulatory policies of CAM products in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). We investigate the regulatory frameworks and the barriers for the proper regulation and integration of CAM products in Lebano...

The objective of this paper is to study an integrated two-supplier supply chain whose suppliers are unreliable. An unreliable supplier is alternative between available (ON) and unavailable (OFF) states which are considered to be independent exponential variables. The suppliers apply a continuous review policy and the retailer uses an adapted continuous review base on an(R,Q) policy. Transportat...