Detection of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is facilitated by the use of fluorescently labeled soluble peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) multimers which mirror the antigen specificity of T-cell receptor recognition. We have used soluble peptide-MHC class II tetramers containing peptides from the protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis to detect circulating T cells in periphera...

Background: Leishmania is a pathogenic parasite which infects mononuclear cells in vertebrate hosts. Different strategies have been taken to develop immunity against Leishmania . DCs loaded with immunogenic antigen have resulted in different levels of Th1-type immune response and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity. Objective: To evaluate the potency of DCs primed with soluble Leishmania mex...

β2m: β2-Microglobulin; β2m-free HC: β2m-free Heavy Chain; CTL: CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes; DSA: Donor Specific Antibodies; HC: Heavy Chain Polypeptide; HLA: Human Leukocyte Antigens; HLA-I: Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I; HLA-II: Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II; IFNγ: Interferon-γ; kDa: kilodalton; MHC: Major Histocompatibility Complex; MMP: Matrix Metalloproteinase; rHLA: Recombinant HLA; ...

Six proteins, previously established as major constituents of intact organisms, were identified in cell envelopes obtained from intrinsically radiolabeled Rickettsia prowazekii. Extrinsic radioiodination of intact organisms conducted at 0.5 micronM iodide indicated that protein 4 was the most peripheral, although protein 1 also had reactive groups exposed on the surface of the organisms. A 10-f...

BACKGROUND In areas endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a large number of infected individuals mount a protective cellular immune response and remain asymptomatic carriers. We propose an interferon-gamma release assay (IFN-γRA) as a novel marker for latent L. donovani infection. METHODS AND FINDINGS We modified a commercial kit (QuantiFERON) evaluating five different leishmania-specific ...

To examine the role of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) expression on murine B cells as it pertains to their function in T call activation, we carried out antigen-presentation assays in tissue culture wells coated with a purified, secreted form of the murine intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). We observed a significant decrease in the concentration of antigen required to...

Bovine gamma/delta T cells and neutrophils roll on 24 h cytokine- or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bovine fetal umbilical cord endothelial cells in assays done under physiological flow. An antibody directed against E- and L-selectin has minimal blocking effect on this rolling interaction. mAbs were raised against the stimulated bovine endothelial cells and screened for inhibition of gamma/delta...

conclusions results demonstrated the relatively high prevalence of hcv infection in the patients. applying sensitive methods to screen blood units is recommended to minimize the risk of transfusion associated hepatitis. objectives the current study aimed to evaluate characteristics of hepatitis in patients with β-tm visiting imam khomeini hospital of zabol, in sistan and baluchistan province of...

The immune response to certain synthetic polypeptide antigens and native proteins has been shown to be controlled by immune response (Ir) genes, which reside in the murine major histoeompatibility complex (MHC) 1 (reviewed in 1). The expression of such Ir gene control has been localized to T cells, B cells, and/or antigen-presenting cells (2-4). Support for the concept of Ir gene expression in ...

The increase of environmental pollutants especially heavy metals derives from human industrial communities. Zinc is one of the natural elements that exist in biotic environment, plants body, and animals in different forms. Zinc has toxic and lethal effects in high concentrations on plants. Also some plants are introduced as accumulators of this element. Therefore, an investigation was carried o...