background: migraine is a prevalent disease which is classified into two groups of migraine with aura and without aura. eighteen percent of women and 6.5 percent of men in united states have migraine headache. migraine headache is prevalent in all age groups but it usually subsides in adults above fifty. migraine has many risk factors such as stress, light, tiredness, special foods and beverage...

A JFET-based circuit for realizing a precision and linear floating voltage-controlled resistance (VCR) is presented for use in analog multipliers and programmable analog circuits and as a resistance mirror. It uses a matched JFET pair along with an op amp based negative feedback for realizing a precision resistance and a feedback of the source and drain voltages to the gate for realizing a line...

This paper is about the numerical simulation of nonlinear analog circuits with ”switch” components, such as diodes. A ”switch” component is an electrical device that may or may not conduct, depending on the state of the circuit. The problem with ”switch” components is that the topology of the circuit is variable and so, apparently, it is not possible to describe the system with a single differe...

In Analog circuit design field, current reference circuit is mostly used for constant current supply to the circuits, so that their function runs properly. This work gives a circuit that operates with minimum operating voltage and current, CMOS current generator circuit and presents its performance with circuit simulation in 180nm UMC CMOS technology. The designed circuit has four sub parts sta...

In this paper we introduce a new subthreshold conduction CAD model for simulation of VLSI subthreshold CMOS analog circuits and systems. This model explicitly formulates the back-gate bias effect and preserves the original advantages of the existing four-parameter model while reducing the fitting parameter number down to three. A transparent relationship between the fitting parameters and the p...

We connect transistors and proteins in two ways. The first is by showing that they have much in common as fundamental devices of electronics and life. The second is by describing how an evolvable wiring of electronic devices can parallel the wiring of proteins into genetic regulatory networks. We then transform this connection into a methodology for the study of the evolutionary properties of c...