this article examines al-ṭūsī’s and maghribī’s recensions of theodosius’ sphaerica by comparing their features and differences. al-ṭūsī adheresto the original text of sphaerica, however, by adding some postulates and three lemmas, he enriches the mathematical structure of the treatise. al-ṭūsī’s composition style reveals that he intended to prepare a pedagogical textbook, his statements are con...

aristotle took per impossibile as a form of hypothetical syllogism which was composed of a syllogistic and a non-syllogistic part. but he didn’t express the relation between these two parts clearly. alexander of aphrodisias and philoponus didn’t add any specific comments to aristotle’s view. al-farabi believed that per impossible includes three deductions: two categorical syllogisms and one exc...

Background Measles is a contagious illness with symptoms including fever, cough and rash. Although after the start of vaccination, its mortality rate has decreased significantly, but in some countries, the disease still leads to dangerous complications. Since infectious diseases such as measles has long been of interest to practitioners, in this study the perspective of Traditional Iranian Medi...

minimalist story is a kind of very short story that is summarized sometimes in some lines and sometimes in one page. it tells a short event and in addition includes deep contents.studying verses of holy quran we can see stories in different forms and lengths. meanwhile there are some storiesthat are not more than some lines in lengthso it is possible for the researcher to evaluate these stories...