Antigen-specific antibody responses against a model antigen (the B subunit of the heat labile toxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, LTB) were studied in sheep following oral immunisation with plant-made and delivered vaccines. Delivery from a root-based vehicle resulted in antigen-specific immune responses in mucosal secretions of the abomasum and small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes...

This review will explore the four major pillars required for design and development of an saRNA vaccine: Antigen design, vector non-viral delivery systems, manufacturing (both lipid nanoparticles (LNP)). We report on innovations, preclinical clinical data reported in last five years discuss future prospects.

Objective(s): The Botulism syndrome is caused by types A to G of botulinum neurotoxins. The binding domains of these neurotoxins are immunogenic and considered as appropriate candidate vaccines. Due to the low immunogenicity of recombinant vaccines, there have been many studies on the use of biocompatible carriers such as chitosan nanoparticles for the delivery of these vaccines. The aim of thi...

Background The limited success of cancer vaccines in clinical could be owing to their low efficacy that can be largely affected by their formulation. Vaccine formulation usually consists of three components, antigen, delivery system, and adjuvant. Recently, long peptide antigen (LPA) has been attracting interest, because (1) one LPA can provide antigen presenting cells (APCs) with multiple T ce...

The adoptive transfer of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) shows promise in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. We utilize adeno-associated virus-(AAV-) based antigen gene-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) to stimulate such antigen-specific CTL. Yet further improvements in CTL stimulation and killing may result by gene delivery of various Th1-response interferons/cytokines,...