A sinusoidal grating can be viewed as a series of light and dark bars. Here we measure the contrast discrimination thresholds for light and dark bars individually, and find that the contrast discrimination thresholds for the whole sinusoid can be explained as ideal summation of the light and dark bar thresholds. We propose a model for light bar, dark bar, and sinusoidal contrast discrimination ...

This tutorial is aimed at the biologist who is interested in exploring protein-coding genes using the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser. It is geared towards those who have little or no experience using the UCSC Genome Browser and for more advanced users who are not familiar with many of the gene-oriented browser features. Using the example of a human gene, PPP1R1B, the ...

Obtaining herbicide resistant plants is an important task in the genetic engineering of forest trees. Transgenic European aspen plants (Populus tremula L.) expressing the bar gene for phosphinothricin resistance have been produced using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Successful genetic transformation was confirmed by PCR analysis for thirteen lines derived from two elite gen...

Background—Elevated circulating norepinephrine (NE) has been implicated in causing the profound b-adrenergic receptor (bAR) downregulation and receptor uncoupling that are characteristic of end-stage human dilated cardiomyopathy, a process mediated in part by increased levels of b-adrenergic receptor kinase (bARK1). To explore whether chronic sustained NE stimulation is a primary stimulus that ...

Genetically modified herbicide resistant (GMHR) crops have seriously affected the increase of food production. GMHR events are used on >80% 160 million estimated hectares of transgenic crops grown annually across 29 countries. GMHR traits encompass five events, including two transgenes code for glyphosate resistance and insensitive 5enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), the cp4 eps...

Genetically modified herbicide resistant (GMHR) crops have transformed weeds management. Today, HR traits are used on >80% of the estimated 134 million hectares of transgenic crops grown annually in 25 countries. Transgenic herbicide traits are five events, including two transgenes code for glyphosate resistance and insensitive 5enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), the cp4 epsps g...

The possibility that the developmental effects of genes are influenced by their neighbors in the chromosomes has only recently become accessible to experiment. The first demonstration of such an effect was given by STURTEVANT (1925). Two Bar genes in Drosophila melanogaster, placed in the same chromosome as a result of unequal crossing over, are more effective than two similar genes present in ...