In this paper, a crack localization method for Euler-Bernoulli beams via an efficient static data based indicator is proposed. The crack in beams is simulated here using a triangular variation in the stiffness. Static responses of a beam are obtained by the finite element modeling. In order to reduce the computational cost of damage detection method, the beam deflection is fitted through a poly...

A measurement of the horizontal coherence function of 7.9 keV radiation from an undulator beam line at the Advanced Photon Source is reported. X-ray diffraction from a phase-shifting mask was used, and the coherence function was measured as a function of the width of beam-conditioning slits in the beam line. The coherence distribution is found to be best described by a Lorentzian function.

In differential measurements at a hadron collider, collinear initial-state radiation is described by process-independent beam functions. They are the field-theoretic analog of initial-state parton showers. Depending on the measured observable they are differential in the virtuality and/or transverse momentum of the colliding partons in addition to the usual longitudinal momentum fraction. Pertu...

In hard collisions at a hadron collider the most appropriate description of the initial state depends on what is measured in the final state. Parton distribution functions (PDFs) evolved to the hard collision scale Q are appropriate for inclusive observables, but not for measurements with a specific number of hard jets, leptons, and photons. Here the incoming protons are probed and lose their i...

An investigation of the beam-beam interaction as a function of transverse separation of colliding proton and antiproton bunches is presented. A mathematical model describing resonant excitation of separated beams is examined. Beam-beam experiments in the Fermilab collider measure beam-beam resonant excitation ~particle losses! at different transverse beam separations in the storage ring. The ex...

the present study utilizes an analytical method to formulate the three lowest modal frequencies of axially-loaded notched beam through both crack location and load level in a specific format that can be used in existing frequency-based crack-identification methods. the proposed formula provides a basis to shift into two states, one with axial loading and the other without any loading whatsoever...

In this paper, bending analysis of concentric and eccentric beam stiffened square and rectangular plate using the meshless collocation method has been investigated. For detecting the governing equations of plate and beams, Mindlin plate theory and Timoshenko beam theory have been used, respectively, with the stiffness matrices of the plate and the beams obtained separately. The stiffness matric...

In this paper, the dynamic responses of cracked beams under different moving forces, including moving load, moving mass, moving oscillator, and four-degrees-of-freedom moving system, are investigated. Structural elements such as beams are designed to withstand the predicted loads, but unfortunately, they are always exposed to unpredictable damage such as cracks. Several factors may cause these ...