one of the most prominent industries is bending, while using rotary draw bending method is known to be the most conventional approach for thin wall tube bending. pressure die is one effective tool which boosts the tube during the process and eventually improves the bending quality. other effective parameters are mandrel and the amount of clearance between tube and mandrel. in the present study,...

In this paper, the laser bending process of a circular tube made of mild steel has been investigated experimentally. For this purpose, the effects of the irradiating length and the number of irradiating passes on the main bending angle of a laser bent tube are studied. In addition, the main defects of the laser tube bending process such as lateral bending angle, ovality and thickness variation ...

scape bending disorder is the most important factor affecting postharvest loss of gerbera cut flowers. one of the ultimate reasons for gerbera stem bending is lignin, with deformation structural functions and defensive mechanisms. this postharvest experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) and peroxidase (pod) enzymes activity in stem bending of two gerbe...

Four-roll bending process is usually used for manufacturing of seamed thick-walled and thin-walled cylinders. Due to complexity of this process, the analytical solution of plate bending in this process has not been developed completely. The existence of friction and multi-step processing makes it more difficult. Investigation of four-roll bending process using analytical and numerical methods i...

Feature descriptors have enabled feature matching under varying imaging conditions, while mostly being backed by experimental evidence. In addition to imposing some restrictions in imaging conditions needed to ensure matching, extending the existing descriptors is not straightforward due to the lack of sound mathematical bases. In this work, by using a surface bending versus shape histogram bas...

Usually, fatigue tests on fibre-reinforced composites are performed in uni-axial tension/tension or tension/compression fatigue [1], providing the S-N data. Although bending fatigue tests are not widely accepted as a standard, they are used a lot for research purposes [2] and they do have some important advantages [3]. In case of three-point bending fatigue, the history of bending force versus ...

Bending process is one of the most significant fields of application of sheet metal die. In bending process, it is quite vital that the product should have the desired angle. Furthermore, in order to obtain the desired angle in the bent parts, spring-go and spring-back amounts must be known. In this study, 30o, 60o and 90o bending processes were applied to S235JR (1.0038) sheet metal having 3, ...

Laser tube bending is a flexible forming process. Two irradiation methods of axial and circumferential scanning are generally used to form metal tubes. The two most important disadvantages of circumferential scanning are its lower bending angle and the time interval required between each scan for cooling purpose. In this research, a novel cooling strategy during laser tube bending with circumfe...

a facility layout problem is concerned with determining the best position of departments, cells, or machines on the plant. an efficient layout contributes to the overall efficiency of operations. it’s been proved that, when system characteristics change, it can cause a significant increase in material handling cost. consequently, the efficiency of the current layout decreases or is lost and it ...