It is increasingly recognised that the airway circulation plays an important role in airway diseases, either through a change in blood flow or through microvascular leakage. Most of the information available regarding the anatomy and physiology of bronchial blood flow and its regulation has necessarily derived from animal studies. However, there have recently been important advances in understa...

The brain function and cognitive ability of a team rugby players declined over the course single season, UK study has found. A professional Rugby Union were less able to remember, carry out mental tasks, formulate ideas as season went on, adding growing evidence that head collisions in some sports could be making more susceptible neurodegenerative diseases later life.1 The study, published Jo...

An advanced understanding of acid-base physiology is as central to the practice of critical care medicine, as are an understanding of cardiac and pulmonary physiology. Intensivists spend much of their time managing problems related to fluids, electrolytes, and blood pH. Recent advances in the understanding of acid-base physiology have occurred as the result of the application of basic physical-...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic deficiencies in regional blood flow lead to cerebral cortical thinning without evidence of gross tissue loss at the same time as potentially negatively impacting on neurological and cognitive performance. This is most pronounced in patients with severe occlusive cerebrovascular disease in whom affected brain areas exhibit "steal physiology," a paradoxical reductio...

The arterial blood gases is one of the most important investigation for assessment of clinical oxygenation and acid-base status in critically ill patients. It provides us with information about ventilation, oxygenation and acid-base status, the three closely interrelated physiology parameters, which maintain the pH homeostasis. Its correct interpretation and application necessitates the knowled...

Differences in blood pressure between blacks and whites in the United States are now well documented. The causes of these differences remain speculative. Genetic factors, personal characteristics, renal physiology, endocrine factors, autonomic nervous system function, cardiac function and various environmental factors are examined in the present review as potential determinants of racial blood ...

Beyond their established role as oxygen carriers, red blood cells have recently been found to contribute systemic NO and sulfide metabolism act potent circulating antioxidant cells. Emerging evidence indicates that reactive species derived from the of O2, NO, H2S can interact with each other, potentially influencing common biological targets. These interactions encompassed in concept interactom...

the patient with head trauma is a challenge for the emergency physician and for the neurosurgeon. currently traumatic brain injury constitutes a public health problem. knowledge of the various supportive therapeutic strategies in the pre-hospital and pre-operative stages is essential for optimal care. the immediate rapid infusion of large volumes of crystalloids to restore blood volume and bloo...