For more than two decades, the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) has provided valuable insights in nanoscale phenomena, and it is now widely employed by scientists from various disciplines. AFMs use a cantilever beam with a sharp tip to scan the surface of a sample both to image it and to perform mechanical testing. Since the AFM measures the de ection of the probe beam, one must rst nd the spring ...

In this study, the dynamic characteristics of a plate-like micro-cantilever beam attached with multiple concentrated masses are studied. The vibration modes of the cantilever plate are represented by combinations of beam functions. Using classical mechanics (the effect of size is not considered) and the corrected Cosserat's theorem (the effect of size is considered), we employ the Lagrange equa...

Nonlinear behavior of a functionally graded cantilever beam is analyzed under non-uniform hygro-thermal effect. To solve this problem, finite element method is applied within plane solid continua. Total Lagrangian approach is utilized in the nonlinear kinematic relations. Newton-Raphson method with incremental displacement is used in nonlinear solution. Comparison study is performed. Effects of...

Abbreviations a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 and A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 Constants in the shape function y(x) a C Contact radius α Wave number of the flexural waves A Cross-section area of the cantilever b Thickness of the cantilever c P Ratio φ Lat /φ d Y 0 , d X0 Normalized amplitude of the sensor tip in y-and x-direction, respectively δ n , δ L Normal, lateral contact deflection (in the coordinate syst...

The power generation capacity of piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) is not only related to the properties of the piezoelectric material, the vibration magnitude and the subsequent conditioning circuit, but also to the fixation modes and adjustment methods. In this paper, a commercial piezoelectric ceramic plate (PCP) in simply supported beam fixation mode and cantilever beam fixation mode w...

A gap with variable geometry is presented for both cantilever beam and fixed-fixed beam actuators as a method to reduce the pull-in voltage while maintaining a required displacement. The method is applicable to beams oriented either in a plane parallel to or perpendicular to a substrate, but is most suitable for vertically oriented (lateral) beams fabricated with a high aspect ratio process whe...

a relationship based on the modified couple stress theory is developed to investigate the flexural sensitivity of an atomic force microscope (afm) with assembled cantilever probe (acp). this acp comprises a horizontal cantilever, two vertical extensions and two tips located at the free ends of the extensions which form a caliper. an approximate solution to the flexural vibration problem is obta...

the most promising method for micro scale energy scavenging is via vibration energy harvesting which converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by the effect of coupling between electric fields and mechanical variables. using piezoelectric cantilevers is the most common method for vibration energy harvesting. changing the shape of the cantilevers can lead to changing the generated output v...

the pseudo-elastic behavior of shape memory alloy (sma) truss and cantilever beam are investigated. brinson’s one-dimensional material model, which uses the twinned and detwinned martensite fractions separately as internal variables, is applied in the algorithm to establish the sma stress-strain characteristics. this material model also incorporates different young’s modulus for austenitic and ...

Magnetic microactuation systems of torsion silicon cantilever is described. Devices are constructed in a batch fabrication process which combines electroplating with conventional photolithography , materials, and equipment. The magnetic transducers are applied to generation of motion in micromechanical structures such as cantilever, beam, membrane. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with mag...