OBJECTIVE The dialysate concentration of large proteins increases, on average, linearly during the whole peritoneal dialysis dwell, and this linear pattern seems to be independent of the rate of ultrafiltration induced by dialysis fluid. However, we observed a high variability of protein kinetics in individual dwell studies. Therefore, we studied the details of the kinetic pattern of peritoneal...

OBJECTIVE Patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are frequently referred for radiologic evaluation of complications related to the dialysis. We studied the value of CT peritoneography in evaluating these complications. CT peritoneography is a technique in which CT scans are obtained after dialysis fluid containing iodinated contrast material is infused into the peritoneal cavity ...

BACKGROUND Fluid overload in patients on conventional hemodialysis is a frequent complication, associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The dialysate sodium prescription is a potential modifiable risk factor. Our primary objective was to describe associations between dialysate-to-serum sodium gradient and parameters of fluid status. A secondary objective was to evaluate...

In peritoneal dialysis (PD) the dialysate is introduced into the peritoneal cavity, and the peritoneal membrane is used as the dialysis membrane. In PD, patients exchange the dialysate by themselves through the connection tube attached to the indwelling catheter that is inserted into the peritoneal cavity. Microbes may enter the peritoneal cavity during dialysate exchange, and, therefore, perit...

A 41-year-old man with end-stage renal disease due to diabetes nephropathy received continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for about one year. He developed genital swelling and decreased dialysate fluid drainage over one week. Transallumination of the scrotum demonstrated fluid collection (Picture 1). Computed tomography peritoneography showed contrast media in the right spermatic cord (Pict...

BACKGROUND Near-infrared spectroscopy is proposed as a method for providing real-time urea concentrations during hemodialysis treatments. The feasibility of such noninvasive urea measurements is evaluated in undiluted dialysate fluid. METHODS Near-infrared spectra were collected from calibration solutions of urea prepared in dialysate fluid. Spectra were collected over three distinct spectral...

PURPOSE We developed a numerical model that predicts cardiovascular system response to hemodialysis, focusing on the effect of sodium profile during treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model consists of a 2-compartment solute kinetics model, 3-compartment body fluid model, and 12-lumped-parameter representation of the cardiovascular circulation model connected to set-point models of the arte...

BACKGROUND Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a frequent complication of haemodialysis. Reducing the temperature of the dialysis fluid is a simple therapeutic strategy but is relatively underused. This may be due to concerns regarding its effects on symptoms and dialysis adequacy. We performed a systematic review of the literature to examine the effects of cool dialysis on intradialytic blood p...