A review is given of the development of the industrial manufacture of carotenoids and vitamin A by isolation and by synthesis. Special emphasis is placed on the use of carotenoids as a preferred class of colouring matters for food and feed. INTRODUCTION A review of the industrial manufacture of carotenoids and vitamin A may be separated into four areas: First the area of isolation and the struc...

Carbonyl carotenoids are important constituents of the antenna complexes of marine organisms. These carotenoids possess an excited state with a charge-transfer character (intramolecular charge transfer state, ICT), but many details of the carotenoid to chlorophyll energy transfer mechanisms are as yet poorly understood. Here, we employ femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to study ener...

Chinese narcissus (Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis) is one of the ten traditional flowers in China and a famous bulb flower in the world flower market. However, only white color tepals are formed in mature flowers of the cultivated varieties, which constrains their applicable occasions. Unfortunately, for lack of genome information of narcissus species, the explanation of tepal color formation...

The light harvesting like protein 3 (LIL 3) from higher plants, has been linked to functions in chlorophyll and tocopherol biosynthesis, photo-protection and chlorophyll transfer. However, the binding of chlorophyll to LIL3 is unclear. We present a reconstitution protocol for chlorophyll binding to LIL3 in DDM micelles. It is shown in the absence of lipids and carotenoids that reconstitution of...

Chromium-VI would impose detrimental effects morphological, physiological, and metabolic in plants. This study aimed to research the impact of citric acid (0, 2.5 and 5 mM), on different the morphological and physiological characteristics of garden cress exposed to chromium-VI stress (0, 1, and 10 mM). Results showed that some growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and DPPH activity decre...

1. In the primary processes of photosynthesis a rather strong electric field (~105V/cm) is set on across the thylakoid membrane. This field has been detected by absorption changes attributed to chlorophyll-b (1). 2. In this paper it is demonstrated that the optical response to the field is not restricted to chloro­ phyll-b. Responses of the other bulk pigments which are embedded in the thylakoi...

The effects of different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of aqueous leachate of Achillea biebersteinii on germination characteristics, seedling growth, photosynthetic pigments and protein contents of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were investigated through conducting laboratory and greenhouse experiments. Leachate of A. biebersteinii affected negatively germination percentage, germination ...

Photosynthetic pigments in a warm core eddy of the East Australian Current were studied by In vjvo fluorometry, spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography. The Variosens i n sltu fluorometer gave only an approximate guide to the location and quantity of phytoplankton in the water column; spectrophotometric curve analysis revealed the presence of intact or detrital chlorophylls, and quantit...