Gastric peristaltic contractions are driven by electrical slow waves modulated by neural and humoral inputs. Excitatory neural input comes primarily from cholinergic motor neurons, but ACh causes depolarization and chronotropic effects that might disrupt the normal proximal-to-distal spread of gastric slow waves. We used intracellular electrical recording techniques to study cholinergic respons...

objective(s) cannabinoids have been implicated in memory deficit. we examined the effect of am281, cannabinoid antagonist/inverse agonist in prevention of scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit. materials and methods  object recognition task was used to evaluate memory in mice. exploration time in the first and the second trial was recorded. the differences in exploration between a previously se...

Introduction: Stimulation or inactivation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) produces antinociception. Studies showed a role for the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the antinociception induced by LH chemical stimulation through the orexinergic receptors. In this study, we assessed the role of intra-VTA dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in antinociceptive effects of cholinergic agonist, carbachol, m...

The present experiments studied the effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on the spontaneous and acoustic-evoked discharge of auditory cortical neurons and examined whether these effects were mediated by muscarinic cholinergic receptors. A primary focus of this report is the analysis of specific effects of these agents on the spontaneous and tone-evoked discharge and on different temp...

\ 7arious drugs and methods have been used in the * treatment of asthma in Japan. The basic treatment in Japan is presumably similar to other countries. For symptomatic treatment, bronchodilators which include (J-agonists and xanthine derivatives, are considered to be the first choice drugs. Steroids are used for intractable or life-threatening asthma. Other medications include anticough prepar...

Introduction: Kisspeptin-13 (KP-13) is a novel endogenous factor, increases synaptic transmission and is involved in several behavioral functions such as anxiety, locomotion, epilepsy and avoidance learning. However, the role of this peptide on cognition has not been well clarified yet. Here we studied the effect of kisspeptin-13 pretreatment on spatial learning and also interaction with cholin...

Somatosensory information, conveyed through the gracilis nucleus (GN), is regulated by descending corticofugal (CF) glutamatergic fibers. In addition, the GN receives cholinergic inputs with still unclear source and functional significance. Using both the in vitro slice and intracellular recording with sharp and patch electrodes and in vivo extracellular single-unit recordings, we analyzed the ...

Administration of muscarinic cholinergic antagonists such as scopolamine impairs the acquisition of contextual fear conditioning, but the role of the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic system in consolidation is unclear. To test the hypothesis that BF cholinergic neurons are critical for acquisition and consolidation of fear conditioning, male Sprague-Dawley rats with 192 IgG-saporin lesions of t...

Muscarinic autoreceptors regulate acetylcholine (ACh) release in several brain regions, including the medial pontine reticular formation (mPRF). This study tested the hypothesis that the muscarinic cholinergic receptor mediating mPRF ACh release is the pharmacologically defined M2 subtype. In vivo microdialysis was used to deliver muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MAChR) antagonists to the felin...

Previous experiments have demonstrated that the rat dorsomedial striatum is one brain area that plays a crucial role in learning when conditions require a shift in strategies. Further evidence indicates that muscarinic cholinergic receptors in this brain area support adaptations in behavioral responses. Unknown is whether specific muscarinic receptor subtypes in the dorsomedial striatum contrib...