background: vertebrobasilar arterial territory nourishes one-quarter of human brain. it constitutes some vital and strategic parts of the central nervous system. methods: a number of keywords (vertebral, basilar, artery, and territory) were searched in medline (ovid and pubmed) as well as google, proquest, scopus, cochrane library, and science direct online databases. only articles containing a...

Observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Atlantic from 1958 through 2000, as well as data from an ocean model simulation driven with the atmospheric variability observed during the same period, are examined using multichannel singular spectrum analysis. The two leading oscillatory modes are associated with a multidecadal and a quasi-decadal period. The former is connected to a basi...

1! Precipitation change in response to global warming has profound impacts on 2! environment for life but is highly uncertain. Effects of sea surface temperature (SST) 3! warming on the response of rainfall and atmospheric overturning circulation are 4! investigated using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project simulations. The SST 5! warming is decomposed into a spatially uniform SST increase (S...

A dynamically consistent steady state circulation pattern of the North Pacific (NP) ocean is presented. The fields describing oceanic state and atmospheric forcing are obtained by fitting a steady state large-scale circulation model to the 1.0 release of World Ocean Circulation Experiment hydrology, da Silva atmospheric climatologies, TOPEXPoseidon altimetry, and Marine Environmental Data Servi...

Paths assumed by tropical cyclones in different fall seasons are related to the form of the prevailing mid-tropospheric general circulation. It is inferred that areas of vulnerability or invulnerability to these storms seem to be prescribed by the climatologically preferred circulation pattern during a given year, and for this reason expanded research along these lines could be highly rewarding...

We examine the relative roles of direct atmospheric radiative forcing (due to observed changes in well-mixed greenhouse gases, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, sulfate and volcanic aerosols, and solar output) and observed sea surface temperature (SST) forcing of global atmospheric circulation trends during the second half of the 20 century using atmospheric general circulation modeling exp...

Previous studies proposed various hypotheses to the formation of the mega-dunes and water recharge of the lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert but left the coexistence of lake-dune pattern unsolved. This research found that the local circulation, generated from the differences of thermodynamic properties and the unique landscape settings between lakes and mega-dunes, can be applied to interpret the...

The Minho River, situated 30 km south of the Rias Baixas, is the most important freshwater source flowing into the Western Galician coast (NW of the Iberian Peninsula). The buoyancy generated by the Minho estuarine plume can reverse the normal circulation pattern inside the Rias Baixas affecting the exchange between the Rias and the ocean, changing the input of nutrients. Nevertheless, this inv...

Examination of peripheral circulation is easily done by touching the skin, measuring capillary refill time (CRT) or even by observing the skin mottling pattern. The cutaneous vascular bed plays an important role in thermoregulation of the body, and this process can result in skin circulation alterations that have direct effects on skin temperature and colour, i.e., a cold, clammy, white and mot...