i A r r c a i Cognitive errors of omission and commission are unoubtedly the most common types of medical errors. There re 2 types of such errors: those due to a lack of knowledge nd those caused by the misuse, or the lack of use, of nowledge. The question is, can these mental activities be ealt with in such a manner that medical errors are diminshed? The answer is maybe. This being true, this ...

Often to the detriment of human decision making, people are prone to an impact bias when making affective forecasts, overestimating the emotional consequences of future events. The cognitive processes underlying the impact bias, and methods for correcting it, have been debated and warrant further exploration. In the present investigation, we examined both individual differences and contextual v...

Contemporary theories of clinical reasoning espouse a dual processing model, which consists of a rapid, intuitive component (Type 1) and a slower, logical and analytical component (Type 2). Although the general consensus is that this dual processing model is a valid representation of clinical reasoning, the causes of diagnostic errors remain unclear. Cognitive theories about human memory propos...

We investigated effects of task interruption on procedural performance, focusing on the effect of interruption length on the rates of different categories of error at the point of task resumption. Interruption length affected errors involving loss of place in the procedure (sequence errors) but not errors involving incorrect execution of a correct step (nonsequence errors), implicating memory f...

Dear Editor, The article on “Cognitive Aspects of Diagnostic Errors”1 published in Annals Volume 42 No. 1 did an excellent job linking the decision-making processes of doctors with fi ndings in cognitive psychology about heuristics and biases as written extensively by Kahneman and his team. Much research has since been done in the fi eld of human factors which looked at the decision-making proc...

conclusions the results of this study led to the identification of many of the errors and conditions that affect the performance of controllers, providing the ability to define safety and ergonomic interventions to reduce the risk of human error. therefore, the results of this study can be a basis for planning atm to prioritize prevention programs and safety enhancement results the analysis of ...

BACKGROUND Late-life suicide is an under-investigated public health problem. Among the putative vulnerabilities for this complex multifactorial behaviour are deficits in cognitive control, an ability to integrate and prioritize multiple cognitive processes in order to flexibly adapt behaviour and meet situational demands. We investigated cognitive control during rule learning in a complex and c...

Xuxen is a spelling checker/corrector for Basque which is going to be comercialized next year. The checker recognizes a word-form if a correct morphological breakdown is allowed. The morphological analysis is based on two-level morphology. The correction method distinguishes between orthographic errors and typographical errors. • Typographical errors (or misstypings) are uncognitive errors whic...