We explore the extension of James-Stein type estimators in a direction that enables them to preserve their superiority when the sample size goes to infinity. Instead of shrinking a base estimator towards a fixed point, we shrink it towards a data-dependent point. We provide an analytic expression for the asymptotic risk and bias of James-Stein type estimators shrunk towards a data-dependent poi...

* Corresponding Author Abstract-Knowledge-based Fuzzing technologies have been applied successfully in software vulnerability mining, however, its current methods mainly focus on Fuzzing target software using a single data sample with one or multi-dimension input mutation [1], and thus the vulnerability mining results are not stable, false negatives of vulnerability are high and the selection o...

nitrite is responsible for some characteristics of cured meat products such as color, flavor and suppressing the outgrowth and production of toxin from clostridium botulinum. despite all of its desired properties, nitrite is responsible for the formation of carcinogenic n-nitrosamine. in this study, nitrite-free and low-nitrite meat curing systems were developed to eliminate or reduce nitrite f...

Scanning Impedance Microscopy (SIM) is one of the novel scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques, which has been developed to taking image from sample surface, providing quantitative information with high lateral resolution on the interface capacitance, and investigating the local capacitance–voltage (C–V) behavior of the interface and AC transport properties. The SIM is an ordinary AFM equip...

Scanning Impedance Microscopy (SIM) is one of the novel scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques, which has been developed to taking image from sample surface, providing quantitative information with high lateral resolution on the interface capacitance, and investigating the local capacitance–voltage (C–V) behavior of the interface and AC transport properties. The SIM is an ordinary AFM equip...

A good estimate of the design effect is critical for calculating the most efficient sample size for cluster surveys. We reviewed the design effects for seven nutrition and health outcomes from nine population-based cluster surveys conducted in emergency settings. Most of the design effects for outcomes in children, and one-half of the design effects for crude mortality, were below two. A reasse...

BACKGROUND Cluster-randomized trials, in which health interventions are allocated randomly to intact clusters or communities rather than to individual subjects, are increasingly being used to evaluate disease control strategies both in industrialized and in developing countries. Sample size computations for such trials need to take into account between-cluster variation, but field epidemiologis...