background and objectives: pomegranate juice (pj) contains large particles that stick to evaporator walls causing off flavors in the concentrate due to burning. microfiltration is used to clarify pj. fouling is a limiting phenomenon that can prevent the industrialization of membrane clarification. changes in the geometry of the membrane module such as using baffles are useful to decrease this p...

the main aim of this research is to determine optimal leaching conditions; eh, ph and complexing agent concentrations, for recovery of copper from hydroxide sludges such as those produced by electroplating shops, metal finishers, treatment of acid mine drainage, and industrial wastewater in general. this has been preceded by a theoretical approach and numerical and computer calculation. potenti...

advanced technologies in molecular biology and modern experimental biophysics heavily rely not only on the knowledge of structure of essential proteins but also on their structural dynamics. the function of these bimolecular systems and the pathways along which the biological phenomena take place can be determined based on the knowledge of the molecular structure and behavior. as such, the simp...

Norms have been promoted as a coordination mechanism for controlling agent behaviours in open MAS. Thus, agent platforms must provide normative support, allowing both norm-aware and non norm-aware agents to take part in MAS that are controlled by norms. In this paper, the most relevant proposals on the denition of norm enforcement mechanisms are analysed. These proposals present several drawbac...

in descriptive statistics, there are two computational algorithms for determining the variance s2, of a set of observations : algorithm 1: s2= - , algorithm 2: s2= , where . it is interesting to discuss, which of the above formulas is numerically more trustworthy in machine numbers sets. i this paper, based on total effect of rounding error, we prove that the second algorithm is better than ...

ÐModi®ed guanosine monophosphates have been employed to introduce various functional groups onto RNA 50-ends. Applications of modi®ed RNA 50-ends include the generation of functionalized RNA libraries for in vitro selection of catalytic RNAs, the attachment of photoanity-tags for mapping RNA±protein interactions or active sites in catalytic RNAs, or the nonradioactive labeling of RNA molecules...

Biomass accumulation of di€erent grass species can be quanti®ed by leaf area index (LAI) development, the Beer±Lambert light interception function, and a species-speci®c radiation-use eciency (RUE). The object of this ®eld study was to compare RUE values and leaf CO2 exchange rates (CER) for four C4 grasses. Biomass, LAI, and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted we...

The impact of Explanation-Based Learning (EBL) on problem-solving eciency varies greatly from one problem space to another. In fact, seemingly minute modications to problem space encoding can drastically alter EBL's impact. For example, while prodigy/ebl (a state-of-the-art EBL system) signicantly speeds up the prodigy problem solver in the Blocksworld, prodigy/ebl actually slows prodigy down i...

To tackle the problem with inexact, uncertainty and vague knowl- edge, constructive method is utilized to formulate lower and upper approx- imation sets. Rough set model over dual-universes in fuzzy approximation space is constructed. In this paper, we introduce the concept of rough set over dual-universes in fuzzy approximation space by means of cut set. Then, we discuss properties of rough se...

annually, many people are irradiated for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. assessment of radiation dose and its related risks to patients are important issues in radiation protection dosimetry. the complex mathematical calculations of the absorbed and effective doses are now done with computers. the calculations are performed with the help of anthropomorphic computational models of human bod...