The invisibility of the individuals and groups that gave rise to requirements artifacts has been identified as a primary reason for the persistence of requirements traceability problems. This paper presents an approach, based on modelling the dynamic contribution structures underlying requirements artifacts, which addresses this issue. It shows how these structures can be defined, using informa...

The challenge in design is to create a process or equipment for future needs. The changing world and keen competition bring about challenges such as a faster project time which means, on one hand, the need to utilize both earlier designs and organizational memory, on the other hand, that creativity should be supported to create competitive designs. At the same time requirements for a robust des...

Around the world, ash and thick smoke from wildfires can choke the surrounding skies. While this visible, murky mess seems to disappear with distance from the fires, polluting gases and small particles not visible to the human eye drift upward and are carried away by global air currents. Can large wildfires contribute to smog problems in distant places? Gabriele Pfister, a researcher at the Nat...

there are many indices for measuring property rights (pr) security. they may be classified into two groups: subjective proxies and objective proxies. most of the proxies are subjective. one contribution of this paper is introducing a new approach for measuring government expenditures devoted to pr protection. calculating physical capital within the introduced new approach is another contributio...

in the present paper, employing a complete model of a passenger car, contribution of various components and assemblies in the frontal crash energy absorption is determined. thickness of components with more remarkable contribution is increased to improve the occupant safety. furthermore, effects of substituting the metallic bumper with one fabricated from gmt materials on the frontal crash beha...

the magnetisation and electron spin resonance (esr) spectrum of two specimens of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-c), deposited from a filtered cathodic arc, were measured over a wide temperature range. the magnetisation was found to consist of superparamagnetic, paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions. the superparamagnetic contribution resembled that recently found in carbon prepared from ...

background: households’ financial protection against health payments and expenditures and equity in utilization of health care services are of the most important tasks of governments. this study aims to measuring equity in household’s health care payments according to fairness in financial contribution (ffc) and kakwani indices in tehran-iran, 2013. methods: this cross-sectional study was condu...

The street garment vendors are playing a significant role in the fields of the economic development through protecting resources (garment products) from such a position where they are treated as wastes; very much less valued products and creating the opportunity for self-employment. This study aimed at showing the economic contribution and the impact of the street vendors to the local community...