The growth rate of climate forcing by measured greenhouse gases peaked near 1980 at almost 5 W/m(2) per century. This growth rate has since declined to approximately 3 W/m(2) per century, largely because of cooperative international actions. We argue that trends can be reduced to the level needed for the moderate "alternative" climate scenario ( approximately 2 W/m(2) per century for the next 5...

background: team-based learning is a structured type of cooperative learning that is becoming increasingly more popular in nursing education. this study compares levels of nursing students’ perception of the psycho-social climate of the classroom between conventional lecture group and team-based learning group.   methods: in a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design 38 nursing stu...

Thinking about tipping provides a novel perspective on finding a way forward in climate negotiations and suggests an alternative to the current framework of negotiating a global agreement on reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Recent work on non‐cooperative games shows games with increasing differences have multiple equilibria and have a “tipping set,” a subset of agents who by changing fro...

—Breeding bird surveys were conducted at most American White Pelican ( Pelecanus erythrorhynchos ) colonies in North America from 1979-81 and the number of American White Pelicans was estimated at >109,000 breeding individuals in 55 colonies. Although many pelican colonies have not been surveyed since the early 1980s, we present the most current survey numbers available for North American colon...

Globally, potato is the third most important food crop after rice and wheat in terms of consumption. It is fast maturing, versatile in use and grows in a wide range of environments from sea level up to about 4700 metres above sea level and from Southern Chile to Greenland. Currently, potato production is rapidly expanding beyond the traditional high potential areas. This is mostly due to expand...

Information on past trends is essential to inform future predictions and underpin attribution needed to drive policy responses. It has long been recognised that sustained observations are essential for disentangling climate-driven change from other regional and local-scale anthropogenic impacts and environmental fluctuations or cycles in natural systems. This paper highlights how data rescue an...

Cooperative breeding systems, in which non-breeding individuals provide care for the offspring of dominant group members, occur in less than 1% of mammals and are associated with social monogamy and the production of multiple offspring per birth (polytocy). Here, we show that the distribution of alloparental care by non-breeding subordinates is associated with habitats where annual rainfall is ...

Impacts on forests will vary regionally across Canada, with continental interior locations likely to experience greater extremes in temperature and precipitation. At the species level there will be short-term physiological responses to climate variability and long-term genetic responses to future climate change. Trees that are adapted to the climate at the time of establishment may be considera...