this paper tries to study the emergence and changes of mechanized industry in iran within qajar dynasty (mid-19th century) and the islamic revolution triumph (1978). it focuses on the governments role in delayed industrialization, and accordingly surveys the governments role in building institutions and commercial policy-making for industrialization. since governments nature and its role in eco...

Background The impact of reorganisation on health services delivery is a recurring issue in every healthcare system. In 2005 Vietnam reorganised the delivery of health services at the district level by splitting preventive, curative, and administrative roles. This qualitative study explored how these reforms impacted on the organisation of maternal health service delivery at district and commun...

After undergoing many changes, the financing of health care in countries of the former Soviet Union is now showing signs of maturing. Soon after the political transition in these countries, the development of insurance systems and fee-for-service payment systems dominated the discussions on health reform. At present there is increasing emphasis on case mix adjusted payments in larger hospitals ...

eart failure is the common feature of the endstage for any type of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is one of the most important causes of high morbidity and mortality in developed countries. This is also the situation in Japan, mainly because of rapid aging of the population, and increased survivors of serious CVD because of the recent advances in therapeutic strategies. Although it has been t...

the 1979 islamic revolution of iran is considered as a turning point in the contemporary architecture of the nation. there have been apexes to the eye catching architectural improvements in the three forthcoming decades after the revolution. one of the most effective isorganizing the contests in architectural that affairs has not only removed the recession in the field but has also discarded th...

Vidhi Thakkar and Terrence Sullivan have done a careful and thought-provoking job in trying to establish comparable estimates of public spending on health services and policy research (HSPR) in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. Their main recommendation is a call for an international collaboration to develop common terms and categories of HSPR. This paper raises two additional q...

OBJECTIVE To explain an important aspect of violence, the spatiotemporal pattern of trauma in victims of violence visited in emergency room of Rajaei hospital, Shiraz, Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional prospective study comprised 109 randomly selected victims of violence visited in emergency room of Rajaei hospital, a tertiary referral hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Scie...

Many national energy policies envisage residual and renewable heat sources with district heating as a component of sustainable energy systems. There is however limited empirical evidence about facilitation of development in the context of liberalised markets and diminished local government control over direct service provision. Recent attempts to stimulate district heating have had variable out...