Homer is a crucial postsynaptic scaffolding protein involved in both maintenance and activity-induced plasticity of the synapse. However, its quaternary structure has yet to be determined. We conducted a series of biophysical experiments that provide the first evidence that Homer forms a tetramer via its coiled-coil domain, in which all subunits are aligned in parallel orientation. To test the ...

Protein acetylation affects synaptic plasticity and memory, but its effects on synapse composition have not been addressed. We found that protein acetylation promotes the dendritic clustering of the excitatory postsynaptic scaffold protein PSD95 in hippocampal neurons, without affecting the total levels of this protein. Cortactin, an F-actin-binding protein enriched in dendritic spines, is a su...

• Discussing how unwanted cells and comparts in living are removed. PtdSer is maintained to the inner side of membrane. exposed on cell surface. recognized by phagocytes for engulfment. exposure /recognition systems work brain. Phospholipids asymmetrically distributed at plasma Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) exclusively located leaflet membrane while phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) glycolipids mainly...

background: dendritic cells (dcs) are professional antigen presenting cells that have an important role in the initiation of immune response. the use of maturation factors in dendritic cell differentiation provides a promising approach in immunotherapy. objective: in this study, we compared tumor necrosis factor-α, polyribocytidylic acid, lipopolysacharide and cpg oligonucleotides in inducing d...

Introduction: Ovarian hyper-stimulation is widely used in IVF clinics. The main purpose of this method is to stimulate folliculogenesis and increase the number of oocytes in one cycle. Following ovarian hyper-stimulation, hormonal secretion of the ovary, particularly estradiol and progesterone dramatically increases. Immune cells especially dendritic cells have receptors for the estradiol...

The recently emerging stem-cell artificial niche engineering in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) 3D cultures has provided enormous opportunities to fully utilize the potential of these cells biomedical applications. Although a chemically defined environment can supply with desirable safety for clinical use, establishing an degradable controlled release proliferated under mild conditions is...

Herein, we present the design, synthesis, and characterization of fully degradable, hybrid, star-branched dendritic polyols. First multiarmed polyphosphazenes were prepared as a star-branched scaffold which upon functionalization produced globular branched hydroxyl-functionalized polymers with over 1700 peripheral functional end groups. These polyols with unique branched architectures could be ...