47 Advance detection and green extension schemes are widely applied in practice as a typical 48 solution to the safety issues associated with the intersection dilemma zone (DZ) problem. Most 49 existing detector configurations were either developed based on the traditional Type I DZ model 50 in which some critical contributing factors were assumed static, or based on generic Type II DZ. 51 A co...

The authors report a method for monitoring, control, and end-point detection of electroplating in nanostructures. The method is demonstrated on nickel plating into polymer molds, which is an important process in the fabrication of soft x-ray zone-plate diffractive optics. The lack of reproducibility presently limits the achievable nickel aspect ratio and, thus, reduces the zone-plate diffractio...

Microfluidic devices enable massive parallelization of sample manipulation and delivery, but a similarly parallelized and integrated optical detection system does not yet exist. Standard large numerical aperture wide field or scanning optical systems are not capable of the large field of view and detection sensitivity required to collect fluorescence from parallel arrays of microfluidic devices...

This paper proposes a framework for structure-based feature extraction in basketball zonedefense strategies. Firstly, a graphical representation for key-frames extracted from zone-defense video clips is introduced, where each key-frame is expressed in terms of a zone-defense graph, representing the positions of defenders and the ball. Secondly, defense-lines are defined and extracted from zone-...

We examined the chemical reactions influencing dissolved concentrations, speciation, and transport of naturally occurring arsenic ~As! in a shallow, sand and gravel aquifer with distinct geochemical zones resulting from land disposal of dilute sewage effluent. The principal geochemical zones were: ~1! the uncontaminated zone above the sewage plume @350 mM dissolved oxygen ~DO!, pH 5.9#; ~2! the...