a brief background to the development of the rock engineering design process is given, showing that since the development of the science of mathematics, deterministic methods have been used to perform various calculations. the variability of rock properties and support characteristics have always been known. however, they were not explicitly used in design but compensated for by the use of a sa...

seismic inversion is a method that extracts acoustic impedance data from the seismic traces. sourcewavelets are band-limited, and thus seismic traces do not contain low and high frequency information.therefore, there is a serious problem when the deterministic seismic inversion is applied to real dataand the result of deterministic inversion is smooth. low frequency component is obtained from w...

in general, energy prices, such as those of crude oil, are affected by deterministic events such as seasonal changes as well as non-deterministic events such as geopolitical events. it is the non-deterministic events which cause the prices to vary randomly and makes price prediction a difficult task. one could argue that these random changes act like noise which effects the deterministic variat...

the idea is growing among educators that thinking skill needs to be given a direct attention. on one hand, critical thinking is supposed to broaden students’ thinking in all regards (schafersman, 1991); and on the other hand learners’ attitudes towards the second language can affect both their performance in the class and their final accomplishment. to this end, the present study started with t...

A stochastic algorithm for global optimization subject to simple bounds is described. The method is applicable to black-box functions which may be non-smooth or discontinuous. The algorithm is in the spirit of the deterministic algorithm direct of Jones, Perttunen, and Stuckman. Like direct, it generates successively finer covers of the feasible region, where each cover consists of a finite num...

today, there are a few dozens of historical index houses in the city sabzevar. reviews show that up until now, despite the presence of their special characteristics, variety and role, there have not been comprehensive studies about them but through the presence of valuable samples from various historical periods (teymouri, safavid, qajar, pahlavi), their exposure to destruction through changing...